CNS - NAUSEA Flashcards
1
Q
When should antiemetics be given?
A
- When the cause is known
- need to identify the cause first e.g. DKA, digoxin, epileptic overdose
2
Q
What is effective in nausea and vomiting that result from underlying conditions?
A
antihistamines
3
Q
What are some examples of phenothiazines?
A
- prochlorphenazine, perphenazine, trifluoperazine = less sedating
- chlorphenazine = sedating
4
Q
What are phenothiazines effective against?
A
- prophylaxis and treatment of n&v caused by - neoplastic disease, radiation sickness, emesis caused by other drugs e.g. opioids
5
Q
Metoclopramide:
A
- acts directly on GI tract
- Can only be prescribed for up to 5 days due to risk of neurological side effects
- usual dose = 10mg TDS
- IV dose - administered slowly over 3 minutes
6
Q
Domperidone:
A
- does not cross bbb = less central effects such as sedation
- good to use in parkinsons for nausea caused by drugs
- use at the lowest effective dose for the shortest period of time - max 7 days
- CI in cardiac disease or drugs that prolong QT
- Recommended dose in adults over 12 and over 35kg = 10mg up to TDS
7
Q
Ondansetron and Granisetron:
A
- management of n&v in pts receiving cytotoxics and in postperative n&v
- palonosetron = for high cytotoxic chemo - can also be used in combo w netupitant
8
Q
Dexamethasone:
A
- can be used in vomiting associated with cancer chemo
- can be used with metoclopramide, prochlorperazone, lorazepam
9
Q
What is appropriate to give if n&v is really bad in pregnancy?
A
antihistamine e.g. promethazine
10
Q
What are risk factors for post operative surgery?
A
- type of anaesthetic used
- duration of surgery
- females
- non smokers
11
Q
What is usually given to prevent motion sickness?
A
hyoscine