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RU PA Pharm > CNS IV > Flashcards

CNS IV Flashcards

1
Q

cyclobenzaprine

A

mm relaxer

TCA like effects because increases 5HT and NE and closes pain gait

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2
Q

Midrin

A

mm relaxer, has acetaminophen

antihistamine and babiturate like effects

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3
Q

Fiorinal

A

mm relaxer, has aspirin and caffeine

barbiturate like effects

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4
Q

Ergotamine

A

ergot, direct vasoconstrictor and 5HT agonist

  • explains Vascular hypothesis of Wolff
  • side effects: ergotism (nausea, gangrene)
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5
Q

sumatriptan

A

calcium gene related peptide reducer because activate 5HT1D and 5HT1B

  • explains sterile inflammation hypothesis of migraine
  • can cause coronary vasospasm and chest tightness, arrythmias, swollen neck, pain at the injection site and nausea/vomiting
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6
Q

propranolol

A

beta blocker, migraine prophylactic, reduces spreading depression because blocks NE

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7
Q

Amitriptyline

A

TCA, migraine prophylactic,

prevents excitation in locus cereleus that releases NE that blocks spreading depression

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8
Q

verapamil

A

Ca channel antagonist

-cluster headache

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9
Q

metoclopramide

A

DA and 5HT anatagonist
prevents nausea and promoted peristalsis
-widely used, cleaner drug

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10
Q

ondansetron

A

5Ht antagonist in the CTZ
facilitates peristalsis and reduces nausea
very expensive

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11
Q

prochlorperazine

A

reduces nausea and vomiting

broader spectrum of action and more SE

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12
Q

halothane

A

ptototypical abasthetic
not used much due to toxicity
halothane hep (because most metabolized
catecholamine sensitazation and arrhythmias

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13
Q

isoflurane

A

gas anasthetic

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14
Q

sevoflurane

A

gas anasthetic

most commonly used

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15
Q

nitrious oxide

A

gas anasthetic
MAC not achieved at normal barometri pressure
good analgesic
airway irritant

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16
Q

etomidate

A

iv anasthetic, barb

great inducing agent with few CV effects, used often with people with CV problems

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17
Q

propofol

A

iv anasthetic, barb, most widely used with short recovery period
CV and respiratory depresant
antiemetic

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18
Q

ketamine

A

iv anasthetic
indirect glu antagonist, dissociative anesthesia
psychotomimemtic effects, icreases SANS and great for hypovolemia
potent analgesic

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19
Q

fentanyl

A

iv opioid

potent analgesic

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20
Q

esters

A

local anasthetic
converted to PABA-hypersensitivity can occur
short acting because metabolised by non-specific esterases locally

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21
Q

procaine

A

local anasthetic

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22
Q

tetracaine

A

local anasthetic

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23
Q

amides

A

local anasthetic

longer acting. metabolized in liver comp to ester

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24
Q

lidocaine

A

local anasthetic

25
Q

bupivacaine

A

local anasthetic

26
Q

phenytoin/fosphenynytoin

A

prototypical anti- epileptic
Na+ channel inhibitor
many side effects- fetal hydantoin syndrome
therapeutic dosage close to zero-order and is highly bound
fosphenynytoin-used to chase status epilepticus

27
Q

phenobarbital

A

primary AED
barbiturate with global inhibition, significant sedation and CYP induction
-morbilliform rash

28
Q

Carbamazepine

A

primary AED

Na+ channel inhibitor with numerous side effects due to P450 induction

29
Q

divalproex(valproate)

A

primary AED

  • increases GABA and decreases Glu
  • broad spectrum agent that also blocks T Ca channels
  • high molecular burden associated with hep
  • very teratogenic
30
Q

ethosuximide

A

primary AED
T-type Ca channel inhibitor (that spread current through thalamus)
-abscence seizures

31
Q

lamotrigine

A

primary AED
Na and Ca channel inhibitor
broad spectrum

32
Q

topiramate

A

primary AED
many MOA (phenytoin, barbiturate like etc)
SE: reduces contraception effectiveness, hyperthermia, glaucoma

33
Q

levitiracetam

A

adjuvant AED

few side effects and few drug interactions

34
Q

lorazepam

A

status epilepticus

35
Q

Alteplase

A

tPA, trombolytic
activates plasminogen in clots - forms plasmin-breaks bonds between fibrin molecules
SE: bleeding and breaking clots in other locations

36
Q

warfarin

A

anticoag
reduces regeniration of Vit K and synthesis of factors II, VII, IX and X in liver
-highly protein bounds, high food and drug interaction
SE: bleeding
requires INR monitoring

37
Q

dabigatran

A

anticoag

thrombin inhibitor

38
Q

heparin

A

anticoag

mostly inpatient

39
Q

clopidogrel

A

platelet inhibitor, prevents platelet aggregation

40
Q

aspirin

A

platelet inhibitor
inhibit COX and thromboxane necessary for platelet activation
SE: gastric bleeding and gastritis

41
Q

mannitol

A

oasmotic diaretic used to reduce post-stroke edema

42
Q

disulfiram

A
  • anti alcoholism
  • causes dysphoria when alcohol is consumed because increases aldehydes by inhibiting aldehyde dehydrogenaze enzyme(nausea, vomiting, anxiety)
  • orthostasis
43
Q

naltrexone

A
  • anti alcoholism

- OPIATE ANTAGONIST, decreases overall pleasure

44
Q

acamprosate

A
  • anti alcoholism,
  • Glu antagonist and GABA agonist
  • attacks insentive salience
45
Q

methadone

A

against opioid addiction

46
Q

buprenophrine

A

against opioid addiction
-partial opiod agonist/antagonist: in naive users analgesic/ in chronic precipitates withdrowal and provides opioid activity to ease withdrawal symtoms

47
Q

varenicline

A

smoking sessation

partial agonist/antagonist at nicotinic receptors athat responsible for increasing DA in NA

48
Q

bupropion

A

for general drug dependence
DA agonist, antidepressant
stimulates NA and increases reward activity when combined with counseling
not very effective

49
Q

chloral Hydrate

A

CNS depressant,

with EtOH -Mickey Finn: its active metabolite trichloroethanol is potent sedative hypnotic

50
Q

methanol

A

CNS depressant
formaldehyde toxicity
treated with ethanol

51
Q

fomepizole

A

DIRECT ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENAZE INHIBITOR

TX OF METHANOL AND ANTI-FRIZZ TOX

52
Q

cannabidiol

A

mariuanna compound

reduces seizures in children in Dravet’s syndrome

53
Q

marinol

A

synthetic THC

54
Q

interferon beta

A

MS 1st line
slow progression of the disease
Se: flue like symptoms, elevated liver enzymes

55
Q

Glatiramer

A

MS 1st line
reduces frequency of relapses but not progression
mixture of 4 amino acids, serves as a decoy for immune system not to attack mylien

56
Q

Terflunomide

A

MS 1st line
reduces cell production (e.g activated T-cells) that modulate immune response
SE: hair loss. diarrhea, nausea

57
Q

Natalizymab

A

MS escalation therapy
antibody, reduces migration of lymphocytes into CNS
SE: rare PROGRESSIVE MULTIFOCA: LEUCOENCEPALOPATHY

58
Q

Fingolimod

A

MS escalation
prevents lymphocytes regress from lymph nodes
high risk of infections anf liver enzyme elevation

RU PA Pharm (5 decks)

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