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NS Exam 2 > CNS Histo > Flashcards

CNS Histo Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of glial cells?

A

Support cells involved in conduction speed, repair, NT maintenance

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2
Q

What is neuropil?

A

The surrounding meshwork and structure that support the neuronal cell bodies

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3
Q

What substance causes neurons to appear opaque in a histological staining? What does it represent?

A

Nissl substance/bodies

Represents large, basophilic masses of free polysomes and RER

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4
Q

What structures on the dendrites are known for their plasticity and ability to increase receptive area of the neurons?

A

Dendritic spines

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5
Q

What are telodendria?

A

Dilation of branch ends of axons that contact postsynaptic cells

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6
Q

What type of neuron is most common throughout the CNS? What do they function as?

A

Multipolar

Motor neurons, CNS interneurons

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7
Q

What is the most common function of bipolar neurons?

A

Sensory neurons of retina, olfactory mucosa, and inner ear

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8
Q

What type of neuron is found in dorsal root and cranial ganglia?

A

Unipolar/Pseudounipolar

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9
Q

What motor protein is utilized in anterograde transport?

A

Kinesin (uses ATP)

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10
Q

What motor protein is utilized by retrograde transport?

A

Dynein

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11
Q

What is the speed of slow transport? What type of transport is this utilized by?

A

0.2-4 mm/day

Anterograde

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12
Q

What is the speed of fast transport? What is conveyed in either direction?

A

20-400 mm/day

Anterograde: Membrane-limited organelles, sER components, synaptic vesicles, mitos

Retrograde: membrane-limited organelles, molecules endocytosed at axon terminal (toxins and viruses)

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13
Q

Most synapses in the body are ___ synapses.

A

Chemical

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14
Q

In an electrical synapse, what generates the potential difference that allows flow of electrical current from one neuron to another?

A

Presynaptic action potential

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15
Q

On a histological image, what would differentiate between a chemical and electrical synapse?

A

Chemical synapse has a vesicular presynaptic cell

Electrical synapse has visible connexon ptns

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16
Q

What protein reinforces the proximal regions of astrocytes?

A

Glial Fibrillary Acid Protein (GFAP)

17
Q

Astrocytes produce perivascular feet that perform what function?

A

Modulate blood flow and move nutrients and metabolites between neurons and capillaries

18
Q

What is the function of perineural feet?

A

Modulate electrical impulses from the neurons

19
Q

What is the embryological origin on Schwann cells?

A

NCC

20
Q

What are glial cells derived from?

A

Neuroepithelium

21
Q

What type of epithelium are ependymal cells?

A

Columnar or cuboidal cells

22
Q

Where are ependymal cells located?

A

Lining the ventricles of the brain and central canal of the spinal cord

23
Q

Where is choroid plexus found?

A

Roofs of 3rd and 4th ventricles

Parts of lateral ventricular walls

24
Q

What is the choroid plexus composed of?

A

Thin layer of well-vascularized pia mater covered by cuboidal ependymal cells

25
Q

What neural cells act similar to phagocytes and are the major mechanism of immune defense in the CNS?

A

Microglia

26
Q

What are the 3 layers of cerebral cortex?

A
  1. Molecular layer
  2. Purkinje cells
  3. Granular layer
27
Q

What are the cerebral cortical layers?

A
  1. Plexiform layer
  2. Small pyramidal/External granular layer
  3. Layer of medium pyramidal cells (External pyramidal layer)
  4. Granular layer
  5. Large pyramidal cell layer
  6. Polymorphic layer
28
Q

What cortical layers contain the most pyramidal cells?

A

3 - Layer of medium pyramidal cells

5 - Large pyramidal cell layer

29
Q

What tissue is this? What is the outer layer? What is the deep layer?

A
30
Q

What cerebral structures are considered archicortex?

A

Hippocampus

Dentate gyrus

31
Q

What comprises the polymorphic layer of archicortex?

A

Nerve fibers

Cell bodies of interneurons

32
Q

What comprises the molecular layer of archicortex?

A

Hippocampus: Dendrites of pyramidal cells

Dentate gyrus: Dendrites of granule cells

33
Q

The limbic hilus is the region where what structures meet?

A

Hippocampus

Dentate gyrus

34
Q

A pt’s MRI shows thinning of cerebral gyri in the frontal and temporal lobes. What disease process is associated with this finding?

A

Alzheimer’s disease

35
Q

What structures are found in a histological slide for a patient with this disease?

A

Amyloid B plaques

Neurofibrillary tangles

NS Exam 2 (12 decks)

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