CNS drugs Flashcards
They are drugs for tonic-clonic and partial seizures
They are drugs for absence seizures
They are drugs for myoclonic seizures
That are back-up and adjunctive drugs for seizures
Carbamazepine, lamotrigine, phenytoin, valproic acid
Clonazepam, ethosuximide, valproic acid
Clonazepam, lamotrigine, valproic acid
Levetiracetam, gabapentin, and pregabalin
Drugs for tonic-clonic and partial seizures that are sodium channel blockers (blocks depolarization)
Carbamazepine
Phenytoin
A drug for tonic-clonic and partial seizures that is a sodium and calcium channel blocker (decreased depolarization)
Lamotrigine
The drug of choice for tonic-clonic and partial seizures that is a sodium channel blocker (decreased depolarization) and enhances potassium channel (enhance repolarization)
Valproic acid
The drug of choice for absence seizure that blocks the calcium at the thalamus (depolarization is blocked)
Ethosuximide
A back-up drug that is also the DOC for almost all types of seizures. It selectively binds to the synaptic vesicular protein 2A (SV2A) which decreases epileptiform bursts
Levetiracetam
Back-up drugs that blocks calcium (decreased depolarization)
Gabapentin
Pregabalin
They are a class of drug that increases the frequency of the opening of GABA-mediated Cl channels
Benzodiazepines
Diazepam (Valium)
Midazolam (Versed)
Alprazolam (Xanax)
Lorazepam (Ativan)
Triazolam (Halcion)
They are not structurally related to benzodiazepines but they have the same MOA
Non-benzo benzodiazepines
Zolpidem (Ambien)
Buspirone (BusPar)
A non-benzo benzodiazepine that has hypnotic properties. It has no anti-convulsant, anti-anxiety, and muscle relaxant property
Zolpidem (Ambien)
A non-benzo benzodiazepine that has anxiolytic properties. It has no anti-convulsant property
Buspirone (BusPar)
They are a class of drugs that increase the duration of the opening of GABA-mediated chloride channels
Barbiturates
Ultra short acting barbiturate that is indicated for anesthesia
Short acting barbiturates that is indicated for insomnia
Long acting barbiturates that is indicated for seizures
Thiopental (Pentothal)
Amobarbital
Pentobarbital
Secobarbital (Seconal)
Phenobarbital (Luminal)
They are antipsychotics that block the dopamine receptors (D2) in the brain only
This is the most potent antipsychotic in this class that may block both the dopamine receptors in the mesolimbic and mesocortical pathways
They block all dopaminergic pathways (EPS in nigrostriatal, Hyperprolactinemia in tuberoinfundibular)
Typical/ classical antipsychotics
Chlorpromazine, fluphenzaine, haloperidol, thioridazine, and trifluoroperazine
Haloperidol
They are antipsychotics that block both dopamine and serotonin receptors
Only the mesolimbic (dopamine) and mesocortical (serotonin) pathways are blocked
AE: weight gain, hyperlipidemia, and hyperglycemia
Atypical antipsychotics
Clozapine, olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, and ziprasidone
Drug classifications for anti-depressants
Amine reuptake blockers
MAO inhibitors
Alpha-2 blockers
They are antidepressants that is the major drug that is used clinically. They block the reuptake of serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine to increase their concentration at the neuron synapse
Amine reuptake blockers
Nonselective, Serotonin selective (5-HT Selective)
They are amine reuptake blockers that blocks the reuptake of dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine
Tricyclics
Heterocyclics
Nonselective amine reuptake blockers
Amipramine, imipramine (used for bed-wetting), clomipramine
Bupropion, mirtazapine
They are 5-HT selective amine reuptake blockers that inhibit both serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake. They cause more complicated side effects
SE: orthostatic hypotension, arrythmia, sedation
SNRI (serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors)
Duloxetine, venlafaxine, desvenlafaxine
They are 5-HT selective amine reuptake blockers that inhibit serotonin reuptake only. They are the DOC for depression
SE: weight gain, insomnia
SSRI (Serotonin selective reuptake inhibitors)
Sertraline, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, escitalopram
They are antidepressants that inhibits MAO to increase the concentration of monoamines. MAO-A degrades norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine, while MAO-B degrades dopamine only
MAO-A selective
Nonselective
MAO-B selective
MAO inhibitors
Moclobemide
Phenelzine
Isocarboxazid
Tranylcypromine
Selegiline
This is a bipolar drug that is a classic drug. It is the first line drug for bipolar disorder and is available in its carbonate salt. It inhibits NE metabolism and reuptake to decrease the firing of neurons, resolving the manic episode
Lithium
Newer agents for bipolar
All are anticonvulsants, except for one drug that is antipsychotic
Carbamazepine
Clonazepam
Olanzapine
Valproic acid
Olanzapine
They are drugs for Parkinson’s disease that are used in combination. One drug is the prodrug of dopamine, while the other inhibits DOPA decarboxylase to prevent the conversion of this drug to dopamine in the periphery
L-DOPA + Carbidopa
They are drugs for Parkinson’s disease that are used in combination. One drug is the prodrug of dopamine, and the others are COMT (catechol-O-methyltransferase) inhibitors to prevent the conversion of L-DOPA to 3-OMD (useless metabolite)
L-DOPA + Entecapone/Tolcapone
They are drugs for Parkinson’s disease that are dopamine agonists that activate dopamine receptors that come from ergot sources
Bromocriptine
Pergolide
They are drugs for Parkinson’s disease that are dopamine agonists that activate dopamine receptors that come from non-ergot sources
Pramipexole
Ropinirole
They are drugs for Parkinson’s disease that are indirect dopamine agonists that inhibit the degradation of dopamine. Specifically, they are MAO-B inhibitors
Selegiline, Rasagiline
They are drugs for Parkinson’s disease that are indirect dopamine agonists that inhibit the degradation of dopamine. Specifically, they are COMT inhibitors
Tolcapone
This is a drug for Parkinson’s disease that increases the release of dopamine from unaffected neuron. It is also an antiviral
Amantadine (Symmetrel)
This is a drug for Parkinson’s disease that is also a centrally-acting anticholinergic agent. Anticholinergics are given to prevent the release of acetylcholine and promote dopamine release
Benztropine (Cogentin)
