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PMP-202 > CNS - Drug and alcohol abuse > Flashcards

CNS - Drug and alcohol abuse Flashcards

1
Q

Class A

A

ecstasy, LSD, heroin, cocaine, crack, magic mushrooms, crystal meth

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2
Q

Class B

A

cannabis, ampohetamines, ketamine, barbiturates, codeine

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3
Q

Class C

A

tranquilisers, some painkillers, GHB, khat

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4
Q

stimulants

A

amphetamine
MDMA
cocaine
crack

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5
Q

depressants

A

benzodiazepines
opoids
alcohol
cannabis

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6
Q

hallucinogens

A

LSD
magic mushrooms
PCP
ketamine

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7
Q

edwards and gross criteria

A

narrowing pf behavioural repertoire
salience of drinking and drug use
^^ tolerance
relifer from or avoidance of withdrawal symptoms
post abstinence re-instatement

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8
Q

Assessment

A
  1. confirm patient is taking drugs
  2. assess degree of dependence
  3. identify physical and mental helath problems
  4. identify social problems
  5. assess risk behaviour
  6. determine patient’s expecttions of treatment and desire to change
  7. determine need fro substitute medication
  8. obtain info about dependent children
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9
Q

assessing drug user;
ask about

A
  • type of drugs used
  • pattern of use
  • when l`st used
  • other drugs used
  • route of ad.
  • history of use
  • previous treatment
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10
Q

medical complications of drug misuse

A

Hazards of drug;
overdose
psychosis
withdrawal seizures

hazards of inj.
viral infections, hiv, hepa B and C

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11
Q

Drug testing

A

biol. samples used;
urine, oral fluid, hair

2 types of analysis
a) screening test
b) confirmation/ classification test

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12
Q

uses of drug testing;

A

initial assessment and confirmation of drug use

confirm treatment compliance

monitor illicit drug use

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13
Q

psychosocial interventions

A

drug related advice and info

advice and support for social problems
harm reduction
motivational interviewing
relapse prevention
Complementary and alt therapies

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14
Q

Harm minimisation strategies

A

education - condoms, sterile eauipment, dangers of overdose..

direct action; hep B immunisation

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15
Q

opiate analgesia addiction

A

chronic pain? at risk of developing addiction to opiate painkillers

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16
Q

pharmacological interventions

A

sub meds for heroin dependence;

methadone
buprenorphine
Espranor
Buvidal

17
Q

interventions for opiate withdrawal

A

symptomatic relief of withdrawal symptoms
- paracetamol, aspirin, other NSAIDs

stomach cramps - mebeverine, buscopan

agitation/ anxiety - diazepam & zopiclone

N&V - metoclopramide

diarrhoea - loperamide

18
Q

lofexidine

A

not controlled drug

alpha-2 adrenergic agionist inh. noradrenaline release

treatment course between 7-10 days

s.e - dry mouth, drowsiness, hypotension, bradycardia

19
Q

`methadone

A
  • not expensive
    full agonist
    well absorbed
    85% bioavail. metabolised by liver

cumulative effect, must be titrated

20
Q

buprenorphine

A

synthetic opoid

partial agonist

last dose illicit opoids used

21
Q

Nalozone

A

opoids antagonist
reverses opoiid

safe, cost effective

22
Q

Nattrexone foir relapse prevention

A

opoids antagonist

blocks former opiate user from effect of opiate

can be hepatotoxic

LFT conducted before and during naltrexone treatment

23
Q

what type of drug is heroin methadone

A

full agonist

24
Q

buprenorphine

A

partial agonist

25
Q

naloxone naltrexone

A

antagonist

26
Q

FASD

A

fetal alcohol sprectrum disorders

27
Q

FAS

A

fetal alcohol symdrome

28
Q

ARND

A

slcohol related nerudevelopmental disorders

29
Q

ARBD

A

alcohol related birth defects

30
Q

Excessive alcohol intake can lead to

A

physical morbidity
psychiatric morbidity
social morbidity

31
Q

Summary of AWS course

A

Stage I AWS - appear 6-12 hrs after

Stage II AWS - untreated in stage 1

Stage III AWS - begin 48hrs - 14 days after last drink

32
Q

Symptom triggered therapy

A

Patients are rated every 90 minutes using the CIWA-Ar. Scores of 11+ are treated with Diazepam 20mg to a maximum of 200mg daily. When patient scores <11 on two occasions, the treatment is discontinued. THIS SHOULD ONLY BE PRACTISED BY TRAINED TEAMS.

33
Q

Acamprosate

A

Reduces glutamate activity by “monitoring” the amount of glutamate that can react at the NMDA receptors
Limits the amount of glutamate released by the neuron
Enhance inhibitory effect of GABAA receptor

34
Q

Naltrexone

A

Blocks opioid receptors
Diminishes dopamine release at nucleus accumbens when alcohol is consumed so reducing the pleasurable effects
Reduces cravings during non-drinking periods

35
Q

Baclofen

A

Derivative of GABA (agonist for GABAB receptor)
Used for spasticity
Newer use as anti-craving agent for alcohol
Can cause withdrawal symptoms

36
Q

Addiction Pharmacology

A

Naltrexone
Chlordiazepoxide
Buprenorphine
Disulfiram
Oxazepam
Naloxone
Acamprosate
Oxycodone

Choose the drug that best fits descriptions below:
Aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor
Non-selective long-acting opiate antagonist
Mu opioid receptor partial agonist
Shorter acting mu opioid antagonist

PMP-202 (17 decks)

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