CNS Development Flashcards
These 3 primary vessicles become these 5 secondary vessicles:
prosencephalon (forebrain) divides into ______ and ________.
mesencephalon (midbrain) _________
rhombencephalon (hindbrain) _________ and __________
telencephalon, diencephelon, remains mesencephalon, metencephalon, myelencephalon
The adult derivatives of the telencephalon are the _____ and the _______.
cerebral hemisphere (including basal nuclei), internal capsule
The adult derivatives of the diencephalon are the ______ and the _______.
The _______ and ________ are also derivatives.
thalamus, hypothalamus, neural retina, optic nerve
The adult derivative of the mesencephalon is the ______.
midbrain
The adult derivatives of the metencephalon are the _______ and the ________.
pons, cerebellum
The adult derivative of the myelencephalon is the _______.
medulla oblongota
The _______ flexure in the developing embryo is not maintained in the adult.
cervical
The site of cell division and proliferation of neuroepithelial progenitors is the _________.
ventricular zone (VZ)
neuroepithelial cells complete mitosis while attached to the _________ surface.
ventricular
Neural tube layers (there are 5):
ventricular zone, marginal zone, intermediate zone, subventricular zone, ependymal zone
cells that remain in ventricular zone become ________ cells that line the ventricles
ependymal
The adult derivative of marginal zone is ______.
lamina 1 of cortex (marginal layer)
cerebral cortex forms from the expansion of the superficial part of the __________ into the subplate and the cortical plate.
intermediate zone (IZ)
The adult derivative of the cortical plate is the __________
cortex laminae II-IV
subplate and intermediate zone (IZ) become the _________ in the adult
subcortical white matter
cortical layer III and V neurons are _________ and extend ______.
Layer ____ receives thalamocortical axons and is an input layer.
output layers, axons, IV
The formation of most gyri occurs by week ___ and are produced by peak periods of ____________.
20, neuroblast migration
mutations in _________ disrupt final stage of neuronal migration through the cortical subplate.
Reelin (RLN)
________ is expressed in migrating neurons and mutation results in arrest of migration in subcortical white matter before reaching the cortical plate.
Doublecortin (DCX)
__________ is expressed in migrating neurons and interacts with dynein. Mutations result in disruption to migration and lamination (integration into cortical lamina).
Lissencephaly (LIS1)
Reelin (RLN) mutation results in ________
cortical plate develops beneath subplate
schizencephaly results in defect in development of ________ flexure which forms lateral fissure.
telencephalic
schizencephaly is characterized by _________________.
continuity of cortex from surface of brain into channel of defect
subcortical laminar (band) heterotopia is caused by a mutation in \_\_\_\_\_\_ and this mutation is inherited in a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ manner. Results in enlarged \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and lack of appropriate lamination.
DCX, X-linked recessive, ventricles
__________ is characterized by thick cortex and periventricular aggregates of gray matter.
It is caused by neuroblast arrest in subcortical white matter before reaching cortical plate.
focal cortical dysplasia
____________ is a disorder of neuroblast migration and may be genetic or congenital (CMV during fetal life).
It is characterized by a smooth cerebral cortex and enlarged lateral ventricles.
lisencephaly
The cerebellum arises from the _________ and expands posteromedially to form the _____________.
rhombic lip, cerebellar plate
Intermediate zone in cerebellum contains immature neuroblasts which become ______ cells and _______ cells.
Others that do not migrate become ____________.
purkinje, golgi, cerebellar nuclei
Cells that migrate through external germinal layer of the cerebellum become ________ cells.
Cells that do not migrate become ______ and _________ cells.
granule, basket, stellate
___________ syndrome: molar tooth sign (looks like a molar in the middle of an axial MRI of the brain).
Deficits include hypotonia, truncal ataxia, irregular jerky eye movements, episodic hyperpnea.
Joubert
____________ malformation (not genetic) is characterized by hypoplasia of cerebellar vermis and cystic dilation of 4th ventricle (large black area where cerebellum should be on sagital MRI.
Dandy-Walker
___________ malformation: herniation of cerebellum through foramen magnum.
characterized by syringomyelia (white area in spinal cord on sagital MRI)
chiari
Type II chiari malformation associated with ___________ and is diagnosed in _________ time of life.
meningomyelocele, childhood
_____________ malformation may be asymptomatic and is diagnosed in adulthood.
Type I chiari malformation
microglia include _____, ______, and ________ neurons.
They are all derived from __________ cells.
multipolar neurons in brain and spinal cord, LMNs, autonomic preganglonic neurons, mesenchymal
All CNS cells derived from neural tube except ________.
microglia
