CNS CLASS 10 - MS Flashcards
Multiple sclerosis is the one of the most common non-traumatic _______ _______ affecting young and middle-aged adults.
neurological conditions
T/F Canada has one of the LOWEST rates of multiple sclerosis (MS) in the world, with an estimated over 100K Canadians living with the disease.
FALSE HIGHEST
T/F As of 2013, Canada ranked fifth globally for number of cases.
TRUE
On average, _____ Canadians are diagnosed with MS everyday. Most people are diagnosed with MS between the ages of 20 and 49. In Canada, ___ is the average age of MS diagnosis. ___ % of people in Canada living with MS are female. Females are ___ times more likely to be diagnosed with MS than males.
12
43
75
3
T/F Overall incidence appears to be on the increase, although it is difficult to distinguish to what extent this finding reflects improvements in diagnostic technology. It is also presumed that many mild cases are never diagnosed.
TRUE
T/F One of the most compelling features of multiple sclerosis for health care practitioners is that no two cases are exactly alike.
TRUE
Discrete areas of damage develop in the ____, ____ ____ and _____ ______?
brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves.
They are random and unpredictable, both in location and in number. The symptoms each person exhibits are determined by the particular pathways disrupted in their brain. The body functions most commonly affected are (name 7)
vision, coordination, speech, strength, sensation, bladder control, and sexual function.
MS is not a terminal disease?
TRUE
T/F Conditions secondary to MS, like pneumonia, may cause death in severely affected individuals, but most live normal lifespans.
TRUE
T/F There is no cure, however, and MS is a disease which can greatly affect quality of life - the unemployment rate for people living with MS is a 60-80%.
TRUE
There appear to be several benefits that massage therapy can offer MS patients. The biggest contribution is in easing secondary effects of the disease in the body’s ____ ____. These ____ ____ changes, which impair mobility and function, can greatly reduce the quality of life of people with multiple sclerosis.
soft tissues (X2)
a proteolipid sheath which covers most of the axons which conduct nerve signals.
Myelin
In the central nervous system, myelin is made by ______ , whose myelin bundles are actually wrapped layers of cell membrane. Each ______ provides myelin to small regions of densely packed axons. Any given axon will have myelin bundles along its length supplied from a number of ______
oligodendrocytes (X3)
The myelin insulates the cell membranes of neighbour neurons to avoid mixing or confusing of ______ and improves the ability of the axon to carry ____ ____ , speeding up the ____ of impulses.
impulses
action potentials
conduction
Any process which results in myelin sheaths being lost or destroyed.
Demyelination
T/F MS is the most common demyelinating condition in the PNS.
FALSE IT’S IN THE CNS
the characteristic lesion of MS.
Plaque
When the disease is active, ____ destruction occurs in localized patches. The stripped sections appear as greyish-coloured spots in the white matter. ____ average 1-15 mm in size.
myelin
Plaques
An active plaque site is an ________________ _________________lesion with large numbers of infiltrating lymphocytes and macrophages
Edematous Inflammatory
These immune cells consume _____ and attack ______, rapidly killing them off. Chunks of _____ are transferred from the neurons to the large ______.
myelin
oligodendrocytes
myelin
macrophages
______, the major supporting and structural cells in CNS tissue, migrate to the site.
Astrocytes
______ role is to react to the injury by congregating together and synthesizing fibre processes to form a living scar_______
Astrocytes
GLIOSIS
These lesions are called plaques because the _____ fibres make them harder than the surrounding tissue. Old inactive _____ are fields of _____ demyelinated axons with gliosis filling the intervening spaces where the_____ bundles used to be.
glial
plaques
permanently
myelin