CLASS 9 -Paralysis Definitions and Speech and Language Disorders

Question 1

Significant or full loss of movement or motor control 0 on oxford scale over intentional movement; term can be applied to different states, e.g., flaccid, spastic, rigid paralysis

Answer 1

Paralysis

Question 2

Motor weakness as a result of a neurological cause. Results in milder versions of significant motor impairment. Is sometimes referred to as Partial Paralysis

Answer 2

Paresis

Question 3

T/F Substantial motor dysfunctions with CNS origins, in addition to being named by their characteristics, e.g., spasticity, tremor, rigidity, involuntary movement, will also be named to indicate where they are affecting the body.

Answer 3

TRUE

Question 4

One limb is affected.

Answer 4

Uniplegic/Monoplegic

Question 5

Literally means any two limbs are affected but tends to be used in cases involving the two upper limbs or the upper limb on one side and the lower on the other.

Answer 5

Diplegic

Question 6

The two lower limbs are affected, often the lower half of the body to varying degrees.

Answer 6

Paraplegic

Question 7

The two limbs on the same side of the body are affected; often half of the body is affected, divided sagittally.

Answer 7

Hemiplegic

Question 8

All four limbs are affected; can be an AKA for full body, but not necessarily. The body parts do not have to be affected to the same degree.

Answer 8

Quadriplegic / Tetraplegic

Question 9

Refers to motor dysfunctions in the production of verbal output, in other words, problems with control of the structures of speech delivery.

Answer 9

Speech Disorders

Question 10

speech is “slurred” because articulation is not precise.

Answer 10

Dysarthria

Question 11

motor control issue is the result of spasticity

Answer 11

Spastic Dysarthria

Question 12

motor control issue is the result of rigidity (basal ganglia dysfunction

Answer 12

Rigid Dysarthria

Question 13

motor control issue is caused by damage to the cerebellum or its related afferentation (sometimes called sensorimotor
dysarthria)

Answer 13

Ataxic Dysarthria

Question 14

(decomposition of speech): cerebellar dysfunction Person breaks words/sentences/paragraphs into syllables and delivers them in a slow, deliberate fashion, often requiring considerable focus to do; verbal output is mono-tonal, lacking inflection and normal punctuation breaks

Answer 14

Scanning Speech

Question 15

AKA Bullfrog’s speech, Megaphone Speech

Answer 15

Dysphonia

Question 16

Problems are with vocal quality and volume control; person’s verbal output is harsh, grating in tone, and usually delivered in a loud, penetrating manner

Answer 16

Dysphonia

Question 17

Refers to dysfunctions in the verbal output process itself, in other words, problems with cognition, with converting thoughts/concepts into words (encoding language), with producing enough words, using correct words, etc. This is a complex area of dysfunction with many disorder sub-types. These disorders typically involve writing, signing and mathematical dysfunctions as well as verbal ones.

Answer 17

Language Disorders

Question 18

non-fluent aphasias

Answer 18

Broca’s Aphasias

Question 19

Group of dysfunctions related to limited language output. Person usually (not always) has normal, or close-to-normal, cognition but has limited or no capacity to produce language – result may be production of sounds but not words, or the capacity to produce only a small number of words or a brief few sentences.

Answer 19

Broca’s Aphasias

Question 20

fluent aphasias

Answer 20

Wernicke’s Aphasias

Question 21

Group of dysfunctions where verbal output is not limited or constrained, however there are major problems with conveying meaning. Person usually (not always) has cognitive impairment that seriously affects the capacity to create language communication understandable to the listener – ranges from word-finding and word-association errors to producing “jibberish”

Answer 21

Wernicke’s Aphasias