Class 11 - STROKE / CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT (CVA)

Question 1

_______ is an interruption of blood flow to the brain leading to infarction of brain tissue. Given its similarity to heart attacks in terms of predisposing factors, causes, and onset patterns it is sometimes referred to as a “brain attack”

Answer 1

A stroke

Question 2

_____ is the fifth cause of death and a leading cause of disability in the United States. 80 percent of strokes are _______. The US mortality rate from strokes is approximately __ %.

Answer 2

Stroke
preventable
17%

Question 3

is a “warning stroke” that occurs when a blood clot blocks an artery temporarily.

Answer 3

Transient Ischemic Attacks (TIA) / Mini Stroke

Question 4

A ________ there is still blood getting through, but not enough for high demand scenarios.

Answer 4

Transient Ischemic Attacks (TIA) / Mini Stroke

Question 5

T/F TIA symptoms occur rapidly and last a relatively short time.

Answer 5

TRUE

Question 6

T/F Like a stroke, when a TIA is over, there is permanent injury to the brain.

Answer 6

FALSE - Unlike a stroke, when a TIA is over, there’s no permanent injury to the brain.

Question 7

T/F There’s no way to tell if symptoms of a stroke will lead to a TIA or a major stroke.

Answer 7

TRUE

Question 8

Approximately 80-90% of all CVAs

Answer 8

Ischemic/Occlusive Strokes

Question 9

Infarction caused by blockage of supplying vessel by:

Answer 9

Atherosclerosis and related thrombosis

Question 10

Other causes of thrombosis?

Answer 10

Embolism

Question 11

Atherosclerotic/thrombotic types of preceded by one or more ________ ________ _______

Answer 11

transient ischemic attacks (TIA)

Question 12

T/F Greater chance of survival with atherosclerotic/thrombotic types, especially if the thrombic occlusion progresses more slowly (thrombi tend to proceed to full occlusion over a few hours to a few days)

Answer 12

TRUE

Question 13

During the evolution of a stroke, there is usually a central core of dead or dying cells, surrounded by an ischemic band or area of minimally perfused cells called the ______ (border zone).

Answer 13

penumbra

Question 14

Brain cells in the _____ maintain their structural integrity, despite ischemia and impaired metabolic activity. Whether these cells survive depends on: state 4 key points

Answer 14

penumbra
1. how quickly adequate circulation is returned
2. the volume of toxic products released by neighbouring dying cells
3. the degree of cerebral edema
4. alterations in local blood flow

Question 15

T/F Cell death in the penumbra leads to a general increase in ischemic tissue.

Answer 15

TRUTH!

Question 16

Ischemic stroke symptoms are generally onset of _______ signs and shock

Answer 16

neurological

Question 17

Early treatment with thrombolytic therapy or surgery can ______ the stroke altogether (i.e., at the TIA or prodromal stages) or greatly minimize damage by restoring circulation soon after the _____

Answer 17

prevent
occlusion

Question 18

Embolic strokes tend to be _____ onset without warning signs. After recent myocardial infarction (MI) is a high-risk time.

Answer 18

sudden

Question 19

Approximately 10-20% of all CVAs

Answer 19

Hemorrhagic Strokes

Question 20

Infarction caused by rupture of supplying vessel by
(name 4 examples)

Answer 20

1. Hypertension
2. Aneurysm
3. Other types of malformation or weakness in vessels (e.g., genetic defect, caused by earlier trauma, cancer-related erosion of vessel)
4. The combined effects of blood vessel damage/weakness and hypertension are often the root problem

Question 21

T/F Hemorrhagic Strokes have a very high fatality rate

Answer 21

TRUE

Question 22

Emergency treatment for Hemorrhagic Strokes is minimally effective, focuses on stabilization and controlling ______

Answer 22

bleeding

Question 23

Hemorrhagic Strokes symptoms are rapid onset: name 3 examples

Answer 23

1. Severe headache, possibly vomiting
2. Rapid onset of neurological signs associated with location of brain damage
3. Signs/symptoms of shock