CNS and PNS

Question 1

The largest part of the brain in mammals. Composed of frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal lobes.

Answer 1

Cerebrum

Question 2

Lies between frontal bones and central sulcus, and above the eye orbits. They have motor functions, but also deal with aggression, mood, foresight, motivation, and social judgements.

Answer 2

Frontal lobes

Question 3

Lies between the parietal bones and the central sulcus. They function in integration of sensory info with the exceptions of vision, hearing, and smell.

Answer 3

Parietal Lobes

Question 4

This lobe lies between the occipital bone and the parieto-occipital sulcus. It functions to recieve and interpret visual signals.

Answer 4

Occipital lobe

Question 5

This lobe lies between the temporal bone and the lateral sulcus. It functions in memory, vision, learning, hearing, and emotional behavior.

Answer 5

Temporal Lobe

Question 6

These are the thick folds in the surface of the cerebrum

Answer 6

Gyri (Gyrus)

Question 7

These are the shallow grooves in the surface of the cerebrum.

Answer 7

Sulci (Sulcus)

Question 8

This fissure is a deep groove separating the cerebrum into left and right halves.

Answer 8

Longitudinal fissure

Question 9

The longitudinal fissure divides the cerebrum into left and right _______________

Answer 9

Cerebral hemispheres

Question 10

Second largest part of the brain in mammals and largest part in birds. Involved in the regulation of posture and balance, fine motor control of skeletal muscles, and repetitive movements.

Answer 10

Cerebellum

Question 11

An endocrine gland directly attached to the hypothalamus. It is divided into anterior and posterior portions. Produces hormones,stores and releases hormones produced by hypothalamus.

Answer 11

Pituitary gland

Question 12

Functions to integrate all sensory info(except smell) from the body, and channels it into proper regions in the cerbrum.

Answer 12

Thalamus

Question 13

Major integration system between various organ systems and the nervous system. It coordinates activities of both the nervous and endocrine systems, and between voluntary and autonomic activities. Attached directly to pituitary gland.

Answer 13

Hypothalamus

Question 14

Processes olfactory info and contains centers for reflex movements involved in eating, such as chewing, licking, and swallowing.

Answer 14

Mammillary body

Question 15

The region that regulates the day/night cycle. Secretes the hormone melatonin, which effects sleepiness.

Answer 15

Pineal body

Question 16

Part of brain that contains the nerve tracts and physically joins the two cerebral hemispheres.

Answer 16

Corpus callosum

Question 17

A region that is also called “mesencephalon”. Located above the pons and is smallest part of the brain stem. The oculomotor, trochlear, and trigeminal cranial nerves originate here.

Answer 17

Midbrain

Question 18

Located just above the medulla, on brain stem. Works with the medulla to control respiration and helps regulate sleep.

Answer 18

Pons

Question 19

At the base of the brain stem. Contains nerve centers for the regulation of heart rate, blood vessel diameter, respiration, swallowing, vomiting, coughing, sneezing, and hiccoughing.

Answer 19

Medulla oblongata

Question 20

Located on the bottom-center of the brain where the two optic nerves cross

Answer 20

Optic chiasma

Question 21

Located just below the frontal lobes. They function in the sense of smell

Answer 21

Olfactory bulbs

Question 22

A vascular layer of connective tissue which functions to protect the brain and spinal cord

Answer 22

Arachnoid layer of meninges

Question 23

A space between the arachnoid and pia mater containing cerbrospinal fluid

Answer 23

Subarachnoid space

Question 24

A thin, transparent layer of connective tissue on the surface of the brain and spinal cord. Contains the blood vessels that nourish the spinal cord

Answer 24

Pia mater

Question 25

Surrounds the gray matter. Composed of both myelinated and unmyelinated axons

Answer 25

White matter

Question 26

Area is shaped like butterfly. Composed of neron cell bodies, neuroglia cells, dendrites, and unmyelinated axons.

Answer 26

Gray matter

Question 27

These structures contain the axons of the autonomc sensory neurons

Answer 27

Dorsal root of spinal nerve

Question 28

This area contains the cell bodies of somatic and autonomic sensory neurons.

Answer 28

Dorsal root ganglion

Question 29

This structure contains the cell bodies of the somatic motor neurons that innervate the skeletal muscles

Answer 29

Ventral root of spinal nerve

Question 30

These are the nerve tracts that connect the spinal cord with various regions of the body.

Answer 30

Spinal nerve

Question 31

The most superficial layer of connective tissue surrounding the brain and spinal cord. It functions to protect the brain and spinal cord.

Answer 31

Dura mater

Question 32

Sensory nerve functioning in the sense of smell.

Answer 32

Olfactory nerve (I)

Question 33

Sensory nerve involved in vision.

Answer 33

Optic nerve (II)

Question 34

A mixed nerve which originates in the brain and goes to the eye. Its motor functions include eye movements, controlling the diameter, focusing lens, and raising eye lid. Sensory function is to provide info of the position of the eye.

Answer 34

Oculomotor nerve (III)

Question 35

Motor functions are lateral and inferior movement of the eye. Sensory function is to provide info of the position of the eye.

Answer 35

Trochlear nerve (IV)

Question 36

Sensory function is to transport info from various touch receptors on the face. Motor function is chewing.

Answer 36

Trigeminal nerve (V)

Question 37

Motor function is the lateral movement of eye. Sensory function is to provide info of the position of the eye.

Answer 37

Abducens nerve (VI)

Question 38

Controls facial expressions and secretions from salivary glands. Its sensory functions are the reception of taste stimuli for the anterior two-thirds of the tongue and the position of face and scalp muscles.

Answer 38

Facial nerve (VII)

Question 39

Functions in hearing and equilibrium. Motor functions include a response by the head and neck to changes in equilibrium.

Answer 39

Vestibulocochlear (VII)

Question 40

Sensory function include taste and gag reflex. Motor function include swallowing and speech.

Answer 40

Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)

Question 41

Motor functions involve the smooth muscles of the respiratory and digestive systems. Also swallowing, coughing, and speech. Sensory functions involve sensations of hunger and fullness.

Answer 41

Vagus

Question 42

Controls voluntary swallowing and movements of the muscles of the head, neck, and shoulders. Sensory functions is to provide info on position of those muscles.

Answer 42

Accessory Nerve

Question 43

Controls movements of muscles during food manipulation, swallowing and speech.

Answer 43

Hypoglossal nerve

Question 44

Responds to a internal or external stimulus, and initiates an afferent nerve impulse in a sensory nerve

Answer 44

Sensory receptor

Question 45

Passes the afferent pulse along to the CNS

Answer 45

Sensory nerve

Question 46

In the CNS, reacts to afferent impulses by generating an efferent motor impulse

Answer 46

Integrating Center

Question 47

Transmits a motor nerve impulse from the integrating center to an efferent organ

Answer 47

Motor Neuron

Question 48

Responds to the motor impulse with a typical motor action

Answer 48

Effector Organ