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A&P Lab > CNS and PNS > Flashcards

CNS and PNS Flashcards

1
Q

The largest part of the brain in mammals. Composed of frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal lobes.

A

Cerebrum

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2
Q

Lies between frontal bones and central sulcus, and above the eye orbits. They have motor functions, but also deal with aggression, mood, foresight, motivation, and social judgements.

A

Frontal lobes

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3
Q

Lies between the parietal bones and the central sulcus. They function in integration of sensory info with the exceptions of vision, hearing, and smell.

A

Parietal Lobes

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4
Q

This lobe lies between the occipital bone and the parieto-occipital sulcus. It functions to recieve and interpret visual signals.

A

Occipital lobe

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5
Q

This lobe lies between the temporal bone and the lateral sulcus. It functions in memory, vision, learning, hearing, and emotional behavior.

A

Temporal Lobe

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6
Q

These are the thick folds in the surface of the cerebrum

A

Gyri (Gyrus)

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7
Q

These are the shallow grooves in the surface of the cerebrum.

A

Sulci (Sulcus)

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8
Q

This fissure is a deep groove separating the cerebrum into left and right halves.

A

Longitudinal fissure

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9
Q

The longitudinal fissure divides the cerebrum into left and right _______________

A

Cerebral hemispheres

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10
Q

Second largest part of the brain in mammals and largest part in birds. Involved in the regulation of posture and balance, fine motor control of skeletal muscles, and repetitive movements.

A

Cerebellum

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11
Q

An endocrine gland directly attached to the hypothalamus. It is divided into anterior and posterior portions. Produces hormones,stores and releases hormones produced by hypothalamus.

A

Pituitary gland

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12
Q

Functions to integrate all sensory info(except smell) from the body, and channels it into proper regions in the cerbrum.

A

Thalamus

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13
Q

Major integration system between various organ systems and the nervous system. It coordinates activities of both the nervous and endocrine systems, and between voluntary and autonomic activities. Attached directly to pituitary gland.

A

Hypothalamus

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14
Q

Processes olfactory info and contains centers for reflex movements involved in eating, such as chewing, licking, and swallowing.

A

Mammillary body

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15
Q

The region that regulates the day/night cycle. Secretes the hormone melatonin, which effects sleepiness.

A

Pineal body

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16
Q

Part of brain that contains the nerve tracts and physically joins the two cerebral hemispheres.

A

Corpus callosum

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17
Q

A region that is also called “mesencephalon”. Located above the pons and is smallest part of the brain stem. The oculomotor, trochlear, and trigeminal cranial nerves originate here.

A

Midbrain

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18
Q

Located just above the medulla, on brain stem. Works with the medulla to control respiration and helps regulate sleep.

A

Pons

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19
Q

At the base of the brain stem. Contains nerve centers for the regulation of heart rate, blood vessel diameter, respiration, swallowing, vomiting, coughing, sneezing, and hiccoughing.

A

Medulla oblongata

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20
Q

Located on the bottom-center of the brain where the two optic nerves cross

A

Optic chiasma

21
Q

Located just below the frontal lobes. They function in the sense of smell

A

Olfactory bulbs

22
Q

A vascular layer of connective tissue which functions to protect the brain and spinal cord

A

Arachnoid layer of meninges

23
Q

A space between the arachnoid and pia mater containing cerbrospinal fluid

A

Subarachnoid space

24
Q

A thin, transparent layer of connective tissue on the surface of the brain and spinal cord. Contains the blood vessels that nourish the spinal cord

A

Pia mater

25
Q

Surrounds the gray matter. Composed of both myelinated and unmyelinated axons

A

White matter

26
Q

Area is shaped like butterfly. Composed of neron cell bodies, neuroglia cells, dendrites, and unmyelinated axons.

A

Gray matter

27
Q

These structures contain the axons of the autonomc sensory neurons

A

Dorsal root of spinal nerve

28
Q

This area contains the cell bodies of somatic and autonomic sensory neurons.

A

Dorsal root ganglion

29
Q

This structure contains the cell bodies of the somatic motor neurons that innervate the skeletal muscles

A

Ventral root of spinal nerve

30
Q

These are the nerve tracts that connect the spinal cord with various regions of the body.

A

Spinal nerve

31
Q

The most superficial layer of connective tissue surrounding the brain and spinal cord. It functions to protect the brain and spinal cord.

A

Dura mater

32
Q

Sensory nerve functioning in the sense of smell.

A

Olfactory nerve (I)

33
Q

Sensory nerve involved in vision.

A

Optic nerve (II)

34
Q

A mixed nerve which originates in the brain and goes to the eye. Its motor functions include eye movements, controlling the diameter, focusing lens, and raising eye lid. Sensory function is to provide info of the position of the eye.

A

Oculomotor nerve (III)

35
Q

Motor functions are lateral and inferior movement of the eye. Sensory function is to provide info of the position of the eye.

A

Trochlear nerve (IV)

36
Q

Sensory function is to transport info from various touch receptors on the face. Motor function is chewing.

A

Trigeminal nerve (V)

37
Q

Motor function is the lateral movement of eye. Sensory function is to provide info of the position of the eye.

A

Abducens nerve (VI)

38
Q

Controls facial expressions and secretions from salivary glands. Its sensory functions are the reception of taste stimuli for the anterior two-thirds of the tongue and the position of face and scalp muscles.

A

Facial nerve (VII)

39
Q

Functions in hearing and equilibrium. Motor functions include a response by the head and neck to changes in equilibrium.

A

Vestibulocochlear (VII)

40
Q

Sensory function include taste and gag reflex. Motor function include swallowing and speech.

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)

41
Q

Motor functions involve the smooth muscles of the respiratory and digestive systems. Also swallowing, coughing, and speech. Sensory functions involve sensations of hunger and fullness.

A

Vagus

42
Q

Controls voluntary swallowing and movements of the muscles of the head, neck, and shoulders. Sensory functions is to provide info on position of those muscles.

A

Accessory Nerve

43
Q

Controls movements of muscles during food manipulation, swallowing and speech.

A

Hypoglossal nerve

44
Q

Responds to a internal or external stimulus, and initiates an afferent nerve impulse in a sensory nerve

A

Sensory receptor

45
Q

Passes the afferent pulse along to the CNS

A

Sensory nerve

46
Q

In the CNS, reacts to afferent impulses by generating an efferent motor impulse

A

Integrating Center

47
Q

Transmits a motor nerve impulse from the integrating center to an efferent organ

A

Motor Neuron

48
Q

Responds to the motor impulse with a typical motor action

A

Effector Organ

A&P Lab (4 decks)

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