CNS

Question 1

CNS is divided into:

Answer 1

Brain and Spinal Cord

Question 2

is the seat of consciousness, thought, function and topographical organization

Answer 2

Brain

Question 3

Spinal Cord:

Answer 3

sends information into and out of the CNS

Question 4

damage

paralysis of lower extremities

Answer 4

paraplegia

Question 5

composed of Ganglions and nerves

Answer 5

PNS

Question 6

ganglion

Answer 6

collection of neural bodies

Question 7

nerves

Answer 7

connective tissue sheaths around axon bodies

Question 8

Neuroglia

Answer 8

supporting cells

Question 9

4 tipes of neuroglia

Answer 9

1. astrocytes
2. microglias
3. Epidermal cells
4. Oligodendrocytes

Question 10

most common
secretion and absorption of neurotransmitter in the synaptic cleft
release ATP
Stores: glycogen  and glycogenisis 
repair damage to nerve cells
hold neurons in the correct space
fluid regulation

Answer 10

astrocytes

Question 11

first line of defense
removes damage neurons
recognizes infectious agents
prevents inflammation within CNS

Answer 11

Microglia

Question 12

cerebral spinal fluid: supports and protect

makes up the thin lining of the brain ventricles

Answer 12

Epidermal cells

Question 13

create myelin sheaths surrounding neurons

Answer 13

Oligodendrocytes

Question 14

myelinated axonal membranes in the PNS

Answer 14

Schwann Cells

Question 15

protector cells and amortigators

Answer 15

satellites cells

Question 16

protect CNS structures
connective tissue structure
3 connective tissues

Answer 16

Meninges

Question 17

3 types of Meninges:

Answer 17

1. Dura Mater
2. Pia Mater
3. Arachnoid Mater

Question 18

space between the arachnoid and pia mater

Answer 18

Subarachnoid space

Question 19

space between the dura and surrounding bone

Answer 19

Epidural space

Question 20

Homeostatic regulation of iron and nutrients

Support and cushioning the weight of the brain and spinal cord.

chemical and immunological buffering

Answer 20

CSF (IMPORTANCE)

Question 21

specialized tissue that produces CSF

Answer 21

choroid plexus

Question 22

narrow canal, lets CSF flow between the third and fourth ventricle

Answer 22

cerebral aqueduct

Question 23

Interface between plasma and CSF

Protects brain from bloodborne infections, drugs and toxins

Answer 23

Blood-Brain Barrier

Question 24

Passes the BBB

Answer 24

THC, alcohol and nicotine

Question 25

Made up from neurons, neuroglia, pericycles and capillary endothelium

Answer 25

Neurovascular unit

Question 26

Vascular mural cells embedded in the basal lamina, ostrocytes and neurons

Answer 26

Pericytes

Question 27

Order in which a compound must pass through to move from plasma to CSF

Answer 27

1. capillary endothelium 2. basal lamina 3. pericytes 4. astrocytes

Question 28

Limited due to tight junctions between cells but still occur to lipid mediated transport, carrier mediated transport and receptor mediated transport

Answer 28

Transport across BBB

Question 29

Small molecules, includes: oxygen, steroids, lipophilic drugs

Answer 29

Lipid mediated transport

Question 30

Selective and saturable, includes: glucose, amino acids, nucleotide and small peptides

Answer 30

Carrier mediated transport

Question 31

Ligand with receptor, includes: hormones, growth factors, enzymes and small plasma proteins

Answer 31

Receptor mediated transports

Question 32

Small periods of low oxygen

Answer 32

Hypoxia

Question 33

Interrupted blood flow

Answer 33

Eschemia

Question 34

An axon and dendrite

Answer 34

Neuron bipolar

Question 35

Most common in the CNS

Answer 35

Multipolar neuron

Question 36

Divided in proximal and distal

Answer 36

Unipolar neuron

Question 37

Smallest simple circuit capable of receiving a stimulus and producing a response The action does not travel to the brain to the brain for processing Can be monosynaptic or polysynaptic

Answer 37

Reflex Arc

Question 38

Basic components of Reflex Arc

Answer 38

1. Sensory Neuron 2. Motor Neuron 3. target

Question 39

Single synapse between sensory and motor neuron Extremely fast Cannot be modified by the CNS

Answer 39

Monosynaptic

Question 40

Interneurons Solely iside the CNS All simple reflexes

Answer 40

Polysynaptic

Question 41

`Affects organs

Answer 41

Autonomic Reflexes

Question 42

Affects muscles

Answer 42

Bomatic reflexes

Question 43

Tubular bundle of neurons Carries info to and from the brain Protected by its encasment within vertebrae and meninges

Answer 43

Spinal cord

Question 44

Butterfly shape

Answer 44

Grey matter

Question 45

``` Divided into funuculi (columns ) 1. ventral- anterior 2. dorsal- posterior 3. lateral- middle ```

Answer 45

White matter

Question 46

Divide the spinal cord into lateral sections

Answer 46

Dorsal medial sulcus and ventral medial fissure

Question 47

Divided in: 1. Dorsal- carries sensory info to and from the back 2. Ventral- carries sensory info from the other parts of the body

Answer 47

Ramus

Question 48

Divided in: 1. Dorsal- sensory axons, dorsal root ganglion 2. Ventral- motor axons

Answer 48

Roots

Question 49

Spaces between the vertebrae

Answer 49

Intervertebral foramina

Question 50

1. Contiguous with Pia mater covering the spinal cord 2. Surrounding axons 3. Surrounding each axonal membrane

Answer 50

1. Epineurium 2. Perineurium 3. Endoneurium

Question 51

Area of the skin supplied with sensory information by a part of spinal nerve

Answer 51

Dermat9ome

Question 52

Muscles that a particular spinal nerve innervataes

Answer 52

Myotome

Question 53

Composed of ventral rami of spinal nerves (C1-C4) Innervates superficial neck structure Separate into cutaneous branch and muscle branch Aetaneous branch

Answer 53

Cervical Plexus

Question 54

Occipital, auricular, cervical and supraclavicular

Answer 54

Aetaneous branch

Question 55

Spinal nerves (C5-T1) Upper limbs Phrenic nerve 5 mayor nerves

Answer 55

Branchial plexus

Question 56

Auxiliary, ulnar, radial, medial and musculocutaneous

Answer 56

5 mayor nerves of Branchial plexus

Question 57

Spinal nerves (L1-L4 and L4-S4) Lower lombs Sciatic nerve

Answer 57

Lumbosacral Plexus

Question 58

Tibial and fibular nerves joined

Answer 58

Sciatic nerve

Question 59

Braid like structure intermingling motor, autonomic and sensory neurons

Answer 59

Plexus