Audition and balance

Question 1

Helps direct sound

Answer 1

Auricle

Question 2

Directs sound waves to tympanic membrane

Answer 2

External acoustic meatus

Question 3

Transfers sound waves to ossicles

Answer 3

Tympanic membrane

Question 4

3 bone that transmits from the tympanic membrane to the oval window of the cochlea

Answer 4

Auditory ossicles

Question 5

Transmit sound waves to cochlea

Answer 5

Oval windows

Question 6

Contains hair cells; react to sound vibrations

Answer 6

Cochlea

Question 7

Allows fluid in cochlea to move/vibrate

Answer 7

Round window

Question 8

Detect angular acceleration

Answer 8

Semicircular canals

Question 9

Connects with nasal passage

Answer 9

Auditory tube

Question 10

True or False:

The inner ear only plays a role in audition

Answer 10

False; also in balance

Question 11

Tympanic membrane of the ear is commonly called

Answer 11

Eardrum

Question 12

3 small bones within the middle ear

Answer 12

Malleus, incus and stapes

Question 13

Vertical distance between peak and valley of a sound wave

Answer 13

Amplitud

Question 14

Perception of the frequency of the sound waves in Hz

Answer 14

Pitch

Question 15

True or False:

The amplitude of a sound wave is the total height of a wave, from the peak to the valley

Answer 15

True

Question 16

Taller the amplitude of a sound wave ____ the sound; the shorter the amplitude, ____ the sound

Answer 16

The louder; softer

Question 17

The pitch of a sound is directly related to the ___ of a sound wave

Answer 17

Frequency

Question 18

____ moves as well as the hair cells in the organ of Corti

Answer 18

Basal membrane

Question 19

Within inner ear, the location of the hair cells responsible for auditory transduction is?

Answer 19

Organ of Corti

Question 20

Produce standing waves close to the oval windows

Answer 20

Highest frequency sound

Question 21

Produce standing waves near apex of the cochlea

Answer 21

Low frequency sound

Question 22

True or False:
When the ion channels in the stereocilia membrane are pulled open, Na flows into the cell and causes the cell to depolarize

Answer 22

False; K flows into the cell

Question 23

Causes hair cells movement in opposite direction to head movement

Answer 23

(Balance 1) Movement of Hair Cells within Cupula

Question 24

When head moves , otoliths pull gelatinous substance and stereocilia in direction of gravity.

Answer 24

(Balance 2) Utricle and Saccule

Question 25

What occurs when stereocilia move in the direction of the kinocillium?

Answer 25

Ion channels open, cations flow into cell and depolarization

Question 26

True or False: The vestibular system relies on hair cells that are similar in structure and function to those found in the auditory system

Answer 26

True

Question 27

When the head moves, the stereocilia moves in this way

Answer 27

Opposite direction head rotation

Question 28

The neurotransmitter released at the synapse between the vestibular hair cells and the afferent neurons is ? Also used by hair cells in the auditory and vestibular system

Answer 28

Glutamte

Question 29

The afferent nerve fibers in the inner ear converge to form which nerve? The cochlear and vestibular nerve converge to form it as well.

Answer 29

Vestibularccochlear nerve

Question 30

Axons of mitral cells that carry olfactory info to the cortex

Answer 30

Olfactory tract

Question 31

Bundles the synapse between sensory neurons and mitral cells

Answer 31

Glomerulus

Question 32

Replace old sensory neurons every few months

Answer 32

Olfactory system cell

Question 33

Cilia protrude downward into nasal cavity, axons project upwards and synapse with mitral cell

Answer 33

Olfactory system neurons

Question 34

Primary odors

Answer 34

1. musky 2. putrid 3. pungent 4. comphoraceous 5. ethereal 6. floral 7. pepperminty

Question 35

Cilia of olfactory sensory receptor cells project into which structure?

Answer 35

Nasal cavity

Question 36

The olfactory membrane sits at the top of the___

Answer 36

Nasal conchae

Question 37

The olfactory sensory neuron synapse with ____ in the glomerulus

Answer 37

Mitral cells

Question 38

Odorant receptors

Answer 38

G protein coupled receptors

Question 39

Olfactory transduction depends on cyclic nucleotide gated ion channel that bind___

Answer 39

CAMP

Question 40

Adaptation in the olfactory system depends (2)

Answer 40

1. Shutting of the signal transduction cascade | 2. Negative feedback in the CNS

Question 41

True or False: | The olfactory track carries info to the limbic system

Answer 41

True

Question 42

Bumps on the tongue that contain taste buds

Answer 42

Papillae

Question 43

Contain molecular components required for the taste sensation

Answer 43

Taste receptor cells

Question 44

Supporting cells between taste receptor cells

Answer 44

Transitional cells

Question 45

Replace old taste receptor cells

Answer 45

Basal cells

Question 46

Traps dissolved food molecules and activate taste hair receptors

Answer 46

Taste pore

Question 47

True or False: | The tongue has specialized areas for each of the five tastes

Answer 47

False; any taste can be detected anywhere on the throat and tongue

Question 48

Taste receptor cells have ____ that detects the actual taste molecule.

Answer 48

microvilli

Question 49

Each taste receptor cell express how many types of taste receptors?

Answer 49

One

Question 50

Gustatory transduction occurs by ____

Answer 50

Ion channels

Question 51

Taste adaption depends on (2)?

Answer 51

1. Shutting off signals in taste receptor cells | 2. Negative feedback in the CNS