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CNA Course > CNA Glossary > Flashcards

CNA Glossary Flashcards

1
Q

Abdominal thrusts

A

Method of attempting to remove an object from the airway of someone who is choking

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2
Q

Abduction

A

Moving a body part away from the midline of the body

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3
Q

Abrasion

A

An injury that rubs off the surface of the skin

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4
Q

Absorption

A

The transfer of nutrients from the intestines to the cells

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5
Q

Abuse

A

Purposeful mistreatment that causes physical, mental or emotional pain or injury to someone

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6
Q

Active neglect

A

The purposeful failure to provide needed care, resulting in harm to a person

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7
Q

Activities of daily living
(ADLs)

A

Daily personal care tasks such as bathing, dressing, skin care, nail, hair and dental care

Eating, drinking, walking, transferring and elimination

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8
Q

Acute care

A

24-hour skilled care given in hospitals and ambulatory surgical centers for people who require short-term, immediate care for illnesses and injuries

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9
Q

Adaptive/Assistive devices

A

Special equipment that helps a person who is ill or disabled to perform activities of daily living

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10
Q

Adduction

A

Moving a body part toward the midline of the body

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11
Q

Adult Day services

A

Care for people who need some help during certain hours, but who do not live in the facility where care is given (similar to outpatient Care)

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12
Q

Advance directives

A

Legal documents that allow people to choose what medical care they wish to have if they are unable to make those decisions themselves

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13
Q

Affected side

A

The side of the body that is weakened due to a stroke or injury; also called weaker or involved side

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14
Q

Ageism

A

Prejudice towards, stereotyping of, and / or discrimination against older persons or the elderly

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15
Q

Alzheimer’s disease

A

A progressive, incurable disease that causes Tangled nerve fibers and protein deposits to form in the brain, which eventually cause dementia and death

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16
Q

Ambulation

A

Walking

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17
Q

Amputation

A

The surgical removal of some are all of the body part, usually a hand, arm, leg or foot

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18
Q

Angina pectoris

A

Chest pain, pressure or discomfort

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19
Q

Antimicrobial

A

An agent that destroys, resists or prevents the development of pathogens

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20
Q

Anxiety

A

Uneasiness, worry or fear, often about a situation or condition

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21
Q

Apathy

A

A lack of interest in activities

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22
Q

Aspiration

A

The inhalation of food, fluid or foreign material into the lungs

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23
Q

Assault

A

A threat to harm a person resulting in the person feeling fearful that they will be harmed

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24
Q

Assisted living

A

Residences for people who do not need 24-hour skilled care, but do require some help with daily care

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25
Q

Atrophy

A

The wasting away, decreasing in size, and weakening of muscles from lack of use

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26
Q

Autoimmune illness

A

An illness in which the body’s immune system attacks normal tissue in the body

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27
Q

Battery

A

Intentional touching of a person without their consent

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28
Q

Bipolar disorder

A

A type of mood disorder that causes mood swings, changes in energy levels and the ability to function,. Of extreme activity and periods of extreme depression

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29
Q

Bloodborne pathogens

A

Microorganisms found in human blood, body fluid, draining wounds and mucous membranes that can cause infections and disease in humans

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30
Q

Body mechanics

A

The way the parts of the body work together when a person moves

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31
Q

Bony prominences

A

Areas of the body where the bone lies close to the skin

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32
Q

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

A

Medical procedures used when a person’s heart or lungs have stopped working

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33
Q

Care plan

A

The plan developed for each resident to achieve certain goals; it outlines the steps and tasks that the care team must perform

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34
Q

Catastrophic reaction

A

Reacting to something in an unreasonable, exaggerated way

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35
Q

Catheter

A

Offend tube inserted into the body to drain or inject fluids

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36
Q

Causitive agent

A

A pathogenic microorganism that causes disease

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37
Q

Center for disease control and prevention (CDC)

A

The federal agency that issues guidelines to protect the health of individuals and communities

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38
Q

Cerebral vascular accident (CVA)

A

The condition that occurs when blood supply to a part of the brain is blocked or a blood vessel leaks or ruptures within the brain; also called stroke

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39
Q

Chain of command

A

The line of authority within the facility

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40
Q

Chain of infection

A

Way of describing how disease is transmitted from one human being to another

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41
Q

Charting

A

Documenting information and observations about residents

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42
Q

Cheyne-Stokes

A

Alternating periods of slow, irregular breathing and rapid, shallow breathing along with periods of not breathing

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43
Q

Chronic

A

A condition that is long-term or long lasting

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44
Q

cite

A

to find a problem through a survey

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45
Q

Clean-catch specimen

A

A urine specimen that does not include the first and last urine added; also called midstream specimen

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46
Q

Closed bed

A

A bed completely made with the bedspread and blankets in place

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47
Q

Clostridium difficile
C. diff

A

A bacterium that is spread by spores and feces that are difficult to kill; it causes symptoms such as diarrhea and nausea and can lead to serious inflammation of the colon (colitis)

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48
Q

Cognition

A

The ability to think logically and clearly

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49
Q

Cognitive

A

Related to thinking and learning

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50
Q

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)

A

A type of psychotherapy that is often used to treat anxiety disorders and depression. It focuses on skills and solutions that a person can use to modify negative thinking and behavior patterns

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51
Q

Cognitive impairment

A

The loss of the ability to think logically and clearly

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52
Q

Condom catheter

A

A type of urinary catheter that has an attachment on the end that fits onto the penis; also called the Texas catheter

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53
Q

Confusion

A

The inability to think logically and clearly

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54
Q

Conscious

A

The state of being mentally alert and having awareness of surroundings, sensations and thoughts

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55
Q

Constipation

A

The inability to eliminate stool, or the infrequent, difficult and often painful elimination of hard, dry stool

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56
Q

Constrict

A

To narrow

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57
Q

Contracture

A

The permanent and often painful shortening of muscle or tendon usually due to a lack of activity

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58
Q

Culture change

A

A term given to the process of transforming services for elders so that they are based on the values and practices of the person receiving care; core values include choice, dignity, respect, self-determination and purposeful living

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59
Q

Cyanotic

A

Blue or gray, in reference to skin color (results from low levels of oxygen in the blood)

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60
Q

Dangle

A

To sit up with the legs hanging over the side of the bed in order to regain balance and stabilize blood pressure

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61
Q

Dehydration

A

A serious condition that results inadequate fluids in the body

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62
Q

Delirium

A

State of severe confusion that occurs suddenly and is usually temporary

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63
Q

Delusions

A

Persistent false beliefs

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64
Q

Dementia

A

Serious loss of mental abilities such as thinking, remembering, reasoning and communicating

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65
Q

Developmental disabilities

A

Disabilities that are present at birth or emerged during childhood that restrict physical and/or mental ability

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66
Q

Diabetes

A

The condition in which the pancreas produces too little insulin or does not properly use insulin

With type 1 diabetes the pancreas does not produce insulin. Type 1 diabetics are born this way and is a condition that lasts a lifetime. It is managed with daily injections of insulin and through diet.

Type 2 diabetes often occurs in obese people or those with a family history of the disease. It can usually be controlled with diet and/or or oral medications. Blood glucose levels should be tested regularly

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67
Q

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)

A

A complication of diabetes that is caused by having too little insulin in the body

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68
Q

Diastolic

A

The second measurement of blood pressure; the phase when the heart relaxes or rests

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69
Q

Digestion

A

Process of preparing food physically and chemically so that it can be absorbed into the cells

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70
Q

Dilate

A

To widen

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71
Q

Direct contact

A

The way of transmitting pathogens through touching the infected person or their secretions

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72
Q

Disinfection

A

The process that destroys most, but not all pathogens; it reduces the pathogen count to a level that is considered not infectious

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73
Q

Diuretics

A

Medications that reduce fluid volume in the body by increasing elimination

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74
Q

Dorsiflexion

A

Bending backward

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75
Q

Draw sheet

A

An extra sheet placed on top of the bottom sheet; used for moving residents in bed

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76
Q

Durable power of attorney for healthcare

A

A signed, dated and witnessed legal document that appoints someone else to make medical decisions for a person in the event they become unable to do so

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77
Q

Dysphagia

A

Difficulty swallowing

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78
Q

Dyspnea

A

Difficulty breathing

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79
Q

Elope

A

when a person with Alzheimer’s disease wanders away from a protected area and does not return

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80
Q

Embolism

A

An obstruction of a blood vessel usually by a blood clot

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81
Q

Emesis

A

The act of vomiting, or rejecting stomach contents through the mouth and/or nose

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82
Q

Emotional liability

A

Inappropriate or unprovoked emotional responses, including laughing, crying and anger

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83
Q

Enema

A

A specific amount of water with or without an additive that is introduced into the colon to stimulate the elimination of stool

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84
Q

Ergonomics

A

The science of designing equipment, areas, and work tasks to make them safer and to suit the workers abilities

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85
Q

Ethics

A

The knowledge of right and wrong

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86
Q

Expiration

A

The process of exhaling air out of the lungs

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87
Q

Expressive aphasia

A

Trouble communicating thoughts through speech or writing

88
Q

Extension

A

Straightening of a body part

89
Q

False imprisonment

A

Unlawful restraint of someone that affects the person’s freedom of movement; includes both the threat of being physically restrained and actual restraint

90
Q

Fecal incontinence

A

The inability to control the bowels, leading to involuntary passage of stool

91
Q

Flexion

A

Bending a body part

92
Q

Fluid balance

A

Taking in and eliminating equal amounts of fluid

93
Q

Fluid overload

A

A condition that occurs when the body cannot handle the amount of fluid consumed

94
Q

Foot drop

A

A weakness of muscles in the feet and ankles that causes problems with the ability to flex the ankles and walk normally

95
Q

Fowler’s

A

A semi-sitting body position in which a person’s head and shoulders are elevated 45 to 60°

96
Q

Fracture

A

A broken bone

97
Q

Full weight bearing (FWB)

A

A doctor’s order stating that a person has the ability to support full body weight (100%) on both legs

98
Q

Gait

A

A manner of walking

99
Q

Gastronomy

A

Surgically created opening into the stomach in order to insert a tube

100
Q

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)

A

An anxiety disorder that is characterized by chronic anxiety and worry even when there is no cause for these feelings

101
Q

Gestational diabetes

A

Type of diabetes that appears in pregnant women who have never had diabetes before, but who have high glucose levels during pregnancy

102
Q

Glands

A

Organs that produce and secrete chemicals called hormones

103
Q

Glucose

A

Natural sugar

104
Q

Gonads

A

Sex glands

105
Q

Hallucinations

A

False or distorted sensory perceptions

106
Q

Hat

A

A collection container that can be inserted into a toilet bowl to collect and measure urine or stool

107
Q

Healthcare associated infection (HAI)

A

An infection acquired within a healthcare setting during the delivery of medical Care

108
Q

HIPAA

A

Federal law that requires health information to be kept private and secure in that organizations take special steps to protect this information

109
Q

Hemiparesis

A

Weakness on one side of the body

110
Q

Hemiplegia

A

Paralysis on one side of the body

111
Q

Hepatitis

A

Inflammation of the liver caused by certain viruses or other factors such as alcohol abuse, some medications and trauma

112
Q

Holistic care

A

A type of care that involves caring for the whole person - the mind as well as the body

113
Q

Homeostasis

A

The condition in which all of the body systems are working at their best

114
Q

Hormones

A

Chemical substances created by the body’s glandular system that control numerous body functions

115
Q

Hospice care

A

Holistic, compassionate Care given to people who have approximately 6 months or less to live

116
Q

Hypertension (HTN)

A

High blood pressure, regularly measuring 130 / 80 mm Hg or higher

117
Q

Impairment

A

A loss of function or ability

118
Q

Incontinence

A

The inability to control the bladder or bowels

119
Q

Indirect contact

A

A way of transmitting pathogens from touching an object contaminated by the infected person

120
Q

Indwelling catheter

A

A type of urinary catheter that remains inside the bladder for a period of time also called Foley catheter

121
Q

Infection

A

State resulting from pathogens invading the body and multiplying

122
Q

Inflammation

A

Swelling

123
Q

Informed consent

A

The process in which a person with the help of a doctor, makes informed decisions about their health care

124
Q

Input

A

The fluid a person consume; also called intake

125
Q

Inspiration

A

The process of inhaling air into the lungs

126
Q

Insulin

A

A hormone that works to move glucose from the blood and into the cells in order to produce energy for the body

127
Q

Insulin reaction

A

Complication of diabetes that can result from either too much insulin or too little food; also known as hypoglycemia

128
Q

Intake

A

The Fluid a person consumes; also called input

129
Q

Involved side

A

Side of the body that is weakened due to a stroke or injury; also called weaker or affected side

130
Q

Lateral

A

Body position in which a person is lying on either side

131
Q

Living will

A

A document that outlines the medical care a person wants, or does not want in case they become unable to make those decisions

132
Q

Localized infection

A

An infection that is limited to a specific location in the body and has local symptoms

133
Q

Logrolling

A

Moving a person as a unit without disturbing the alignment of the body

134
Q

Major depressive disorder

A

Type of mood disorder that causes pain, fatigue, apathy, sadness, irritability, anxiety, sleeplessness and loss of appetite as well as other symptoms. Also called depression or clinical depression

135
Q

Malpractice

A

Injury to a person due to professional misconduct through negligence, carelessness or lack of skill

136
Q

Medicaid

A

Federal medical assistance program for people who have a low income, as well as people with disabilities

137
Q

Medical asepsis

A

Measures used to reduce and prevent the spread of pathogens

138
Q

Medicare

A

The federal health insurance program for people who are 65 or older, have certain disabilities or permanent kidney failure, or who are ill and cannot work

139
Q

Menopause

A

The end of menstruation; occurs when a woman has not had a menstrual period for 12 months

140
Q

Mental health

A

The normal functioning of emotional and intellectual abilities

141
Q

Mental health disorder

A

A disorder that affects a person’s ability to function and often causes inappropriate behavior: confusion, disorientation, agitation and anxiety are common symptoms

142
Q

Metabolism

A

Physical and chemical processes by which substances are broken down or transformed into energy or products for use by the body

143
Q

Microbe

A

A living thing or organism that is so small that it can be seen only under a microscope; also called microorganism

144
Q

Minimum data set (MDS)

A

A detailed form with guidelines for assessing residents in long-term care facilities

145
Q

Mode of transmission

A

The method of describing how a pathogen travels

146
Q

Mucous membranes

A

The membranes that line body cavities that open to the outside of the body such as the linings of the mouth, nose, eyes, rectum or genitals

147
Q

Myocardial infarction (MI)

A

A condition that occurs when the heart muscle does not receive enough oxygen because blood flow to the heart is blocked; also called heart attack

148
Q

Non-intact skin

A

Skin that is broken by abrasions, cuts, rashes, pimples, lesions, surgical incisions or boils

149
Q

Non weight bearing (NWB)

A

A doctor’s order stating that a person is unable to touch the floor or support any body weight with one or both legs

150
Q

NPO

A

Abbreviation meaning nothing by mouth; medical order that means a person should not have anything to eat or drink

151
Q

Objective information

A

Quantifiable information based on what a person can see, hear, touch or smell; also called signs

152
Q

Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD)

A

An anxiety disorder characterized by obsessive behavior or thoughts, which may cause the person to repeatedly perform a behavior or routine

153
Q

Ombudsman

A

legal advocates for residents in long-term care facilities who help resolve disputes and settle conflicts

154
Q

Omnibus budget reconciliation act (OBRA)

A

The law passed by the federal government that includes minimum standards for nursing assistant training, staffing requirements, resident assessment instructions and information on rights for residents

155
Q

Open bed

A

A bed made with linen folded down to the foot of the bed

156
Q

Occupied bed

A

A bed made while a person is in the bed

157
Q

Opposition

A

Touching the thumb to any other finger

158
Q

Orthosis

A

A device that helps support and align a limb and improve its functioning; also called orthotic device

159
Q

Osteoarthritis

A

Common type of arthritis that usually affects the hips, knees, fingers, thumbs and spine

Also called degenerative joint disease (DJD) or degenerative arthritis

160
Q

Osteoporosis

A

A disease that causes bones to become porous and brittle causing them to break easily

161
Q

Ostomy

A

A surgically created opening from an area inside the body to the outside

162
Q

Output

A

All fluid that is eliminated from the body; includes urine, feces, vomitous, perspiration, moisture that is exhaled in the air and wound drainage

163
Q

Oxygen therapy

A

The administration of oxygen to increase the supply of oxygen to the lungs

164
Q

Palliative care

A

Caregiving to people who have serious diseases or who are dying that emphasize relieving pain, controlling symptoms and preventing side effects

165
Q

Panic disorder

A

A disorder characterized by a person having regular panic attacks or living with constant anxiety about having another attack

166
Q

Paraplegia

A

The loss of function/paralysis of the lower body and legs

167
Q

Parenteral nutrition (PN)

A

The intravenous infusion of nutrients administered directly into the bloodstream, bypassing the digestive system

168
Q

Partial bath

A

A bath given on days when a complete bath or shower is not done; includes washing the face, hands, underarms and perineum

169
Q

Partial weight bearing (PWB)

A

Doctor’s order stating that a person is able to support some body weight on one or both legs

170
Q

Pathogens

A

Microorganisms that are capable of causing infection and disease

171
Q

Pediculosis

A

An infestation of lice

172
Q

Percutaneous endoscopic gastronomy (PEG)

A

Feeding tube that is placed into the stomach through the abdominal wall

173
Q

Perineal care

A

Care of the genitals and anal area

174
Q

Perseveration

A

The repetition of words, phrases, questions or actions

175
Q

Person-centered care

A

A type of care that places the emphasis on the person needing care and his or her individuality and capabilities

176
Q

Portal of entry / exit

A

Any body opening on un/infected person that allows pathogens to enter / exit

177
Q

Pressure injuries

A

Injuries or wounds that result from skin deterioration and shearing; also called pressure ulcers pressure sores, bed sores or decubitus ulcers

178
Q

Pressure points

A

Areas of the body that bear much of the body weight

179
Q

Pronation

A

Turning downward

180
Q

Psychosocial needs

A

Needs that involve social interaction, emotions, intellect and spirituality

181
Q

Quadriplegia

A

Loss of function/paralysis of legs, trunk and arms

182
Q

Radial pulse

A

The pulse located on the inside of the wrist, where the radial artery runs just beneath the skin

183
Q

Range of motion (ROM)

A

Exercises that put a joint through its full Arc of motion

184
Q

Receptive aphasia

A

Difficulty understanding spoken or written words

185
Q

Reservoir

A

A place where a pathogen lives and multiplies

186
Q

Restorative care

A

Caregiving after rehabilitation to maintain a person’s function, improve his quality of life and increase his Independence

187
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis

A

Type of arthritis in which joints become red, swollen and very painful, resulting in restrictive movement and possible deformities

188
Q

Schizophrenia

A

A type of psychotic disorder that causes problems with thinking, communication and the ability to manage emotions, make decisions and understand reality

189
Q

Scope of practice

A

Defines the tasks that healthcare providers are legally allowed to do as permitted by state or federal law

190
Q

Shearing

A

Rubbing or friction that results from the skin moving one way and the bone underneath it remaining fixed or moving in the opposite direction

191
Q

Shock

A

A condition that occurs when organs and tissues in the body do not receive an adequate blood supply

192
Q

Sims position

A

A body position in which a person is lying on his left side with the upper knee flexed and raised toward the chest

193
Q

Specimen

A

A sample that is used for analysis in order to try to make a diagnosis

194
Q

Sputum

A

Thick mucus coughed up from the lungs

195
Q

Standard precautions

A

A method of infection prevention in which all blood, body fluids, non intact skin and mucous membranes are treated as if they were infected with an infectious disease

196
Q

Sterilization

A

A cleaning measure that destroys all microorganisms, including pathogens

197
Q

Stoma

A

An artificial opening in the body

198
Q

Straight catheter

A

A type of urinary catheter that is removed immediately after urine is drained or collected

199
Q

Subacute care

A

Caregiving in hospitals or in long-term care facilities for people who need less care than for an acute illness, but more care than for a chronic illness

200
Q

Subjective information

A

Information that a person cannot or did not observe, but is based on something reported that may or may not be true; also called symptoms

201
Q

Sundowning

A

Becoming restless and agitated in the late afternoon, evening or night

202
Q

Supination

A

Turning upward

203
Q

Surgical asepsis

A

The state of being completely free of all microorganisms also called sterile technique

204
Q

Syncope

A

Loss of consciousness; also called fainting

205
Q

Systemic infection

A

An infection that travels through the bloodstream and is spread throughout the body causing general symptoms

206
Q

Systolic

A

First measurement of blood pressure; phase when the heart is at work, contracting and pushing the blood out of the left ventricle of the heart

207
Q

Transient ischemic attack (TIA)

A

A warning sign of a cva/stroke resulting from a temporary lack of oxygen in the brain; symptoms May last up to 24 hours

208
Q

Transmission based precautions

A

Method of infection prevention used when caring for persons who are infected or may be infected with certain infectious diseases

209
Q

Tuberculosis

A

A highly contagious disease caused by a bacterium that is carried on mucus droplets suspended in the air; usually affects the lungs and causes coughing trouble breathing, weight loss and fatigue

210
Q

Tumor

A

A cluster of abnormally growing cells

211
Q

Urinary catheter

A

A type of catheter that is used to drain urine from the bladder

212
Q

Urinary incontinence

A

The inability to control the bladder, which leads to an involuntary loss of urine

213
Q

Vital signs

A

Measurements - temperature, pulse, respirations, blood pressure, pain level - that monitor the functioning of the vital organs of the body

214
Q

Voids

A

Urinates

215
Q

VRE (vancomycin-resistant enterococcus)

A

Bacteria (enterococci) that have developed resistance to the antibiotic vancomycin

CNA Course (19 decks)

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