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Block 4 Exam 3 > CM/ss > Flashcards

CM/ss Flashcards

1
Q

DI

A

High dilute UOP
Hypernatremia
Thirsty

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2
Q

Addisonian crisis

A

Severe hypotension
Cyanosis
Fever
NV
Shock
Pallor
HA
Abdominal pain/diarrhea
Confusion
Restlessness

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3
Q

Cushing

A

Obesity
Buffalo hump
Moon face
Fluid retention
Hypertension
Fatigue
Thin extremities
Weakness
Thin skin
Fractures
Osteoporosis
Bruising
Stretch marks
Insomnia
Acne
Muscle wasting
Risk for infection
Slow healing
Low libido
HyperNa, hypoK
Virilization in gals

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4
Q

DKA

A

HyperG (250-800)
Dehydration
Acidosis
Compensatory respiratory alkalosis
Kussmaul
Ketones
High Cr, BUN, Hct
Rapid onset

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5
Q

HHS

A

HyperG leads to osmotic diuresis and loss of water and lytes
Hypernatremia
Increase OSM >320
Hypotension
Dehydration
Tachycardia
Neuro
Slower onset
No ketones or pH change
BG > 600
Elevated BUN and Cr
Higher mortality rate than DKA

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6
Q

Hemodynamic monitoring complications

A

Infection
Pneumothorax
Air embolism

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7
Q

PAP complications

A

Pulmonary artery rupture
Pulmonary thromboembolism
Pulmonary infarction
Catheter kinking
Dysrhythmias
Air embolism

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8
Q

IABP complications

A

Local obstruction
Distal ischemia
Massive ecchymosis
Dissection
Air embolism
Blood loss
Pain
Arteriospasm
Infection

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9
Q

Normal PR interval

A

0.12 to 0.20 seconds

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10
Q

Atrial flutter

A

Chest pain
SOB
Low blood pressure

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11
Q

Complications of afib

A

HF
Myocardial ischemia
Embolic events

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12
Q

PVC

A

Reduced CO
Angina
HF
Apical radial pulse deficit

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13
Q

V fib

A

Unresponsive
Pulseless
Apneic

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14
Q

Pacemaker complications

A

Infection
Malfunction
Detachment
Bleeding, hematoma
Skeletal muscle/phrenic nerve stimulation
Cardiac tamponade
Pneumothorax
Hemothorax
Pacemaker syndrome (hemodynamic instability)

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15
Q

Anemia

A

Fatigue
Weak
Malaise
Pallor
Jaundice
Cardiac, GI, neuro, resp
Smooth red tongue
Brittle nails
Angular cheilitis
Pica

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16
Q

Anemia complications

A

HF
Angina
Paresthesia
Confusion
Injury from falls
Depression

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17
Q

Sickle cell complications

A

Hypoxia, ischemia
Infection, PNA, osteomyelitis, foot ulcers
Stroke
Splenic infarction
Anemia
AKI/CKD, dehydration
HF, PHTN
Impotence
Poor compliance
SUD
Acute chest syndrome
Jaundice

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18
Q

DIC complications

A

Kidney injury
Gangrene
PE/DVT
Hemorrhage
ARDS
Stroke

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19
Q

Polycythemia Vera

A

Fatigue
HA, dizzy, vision, TIA
Abdominal pain
Ruddy complexion
Angina
Claudication
Dyspnea
HTN
Thrombophlebitis
Pruritis, erythromelalgia
Uric stones/gout
High H&H
JAK2 gene
MI, stroke
Bleeding

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20
Q

Lupus

A

Fever
Fatigue
Rash, bruising
Joint pain
Bald
CNS, photosensitivity, visual
Tinnitus
Oral ulcers
Anemia
Neutropenia
Thrombocytopenia
Pleuritis, dyspnea
Pneumonitis
Pericarditis
Myocarditis
HTN, arrhythmias
Glomerulonephritis
Splenomegaly
Osteoporosis

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21
Q

Sickle cell crisis

A

Pain
Fever
Swelling
(Also jaundice is a ss of SCD)

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22
Q

Head to toe assessment of DIC will reveal…

A

Skin: cold, pain, cyanosis, decreased sensation, ischemia, gangrene, blood, bruising

Circulation: long cap refill, decreased pulses, tachycardia

Respiratory: hypoxia, dyspnea, chest pain, diminished, tachypnea, ARDS

GI: heartburn and bleeding

Renal: low UOP, high BUN and Cr, hematuria

Neuro: altered, decreased pupils and strength, anxiety, restless, HA, visual

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23
Q

Hereditary hemochromatosis

A

(Excess iron absorption from GI tract, deposited into vital organs)
Weak, lethargy
Abdominal pain, weight loss
Arthralgia
Hyperpigmentation
Arrhythmias, cardiomyopathy, dyspnea, edema
Hypothyroidism, DM
Sex dysfunction

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24
Q

If pt has ss w afib, it will look like this

A

HF like ss…
SOB, dyspnea, hypotension, fatigue
Pulse deficit

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25
Q

Pacemaker malfunction

A

Bradycardia
Diaphoresis
Syncope
Ortho hypo

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26
Q

Normal QRS

A

0.12 sec or less

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27
Q

Normal PR

A

0.12 to 0.20 sec

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28
Q

Normal QT

A

0.32 to 0.40 sec

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29
Q

Normal P wave

A

0.11 sec or less

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30
Q

Hypothyroidism

A

Brittle
Lethargy
Forgetful
Pallor
Big tongue
Facial and peripheral edema
Cold intolerance
CM
Slow pulse
Constipation
Weight gain
Weak

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31
Q

Hyperthyroidism

A

Nervous
Weight loss
Heart intolerance
Tachy
Flushed
Warm
Exophthalmos
Hungry
Dysrhythmias
Goiter
Muscle wasting
HTN

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32
Q

Hypoglycemia

A

Sweat
Tremor
Tachy
Palpitations
Nervous
Hunger
CNS

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33
Q

Thyroid storm

A

High fever
Tachy
Agitation
Delirium
CHF
Loss of consciousness

34
Q

Lab findings for DIC

A

Elevated D Dimer
Long PT INR
Decreased fibrinogen

35
Q

Heart surgery complications

A

Deceased CO
Bleeding
Arrhythmias
MI
Stroke
AKI/hypoperfusion
Infection

36
Q

RHF

A

Visceral and peripheral congestion
JVD
Edema
Hepatomegaly
Ascites
Weight gain
Fatigue
GI distress

37
Q

LHF

A

Pulmonary congestion, crackles
S3 ventricular gallop
DOE
Low O2
Cough
Oliguria
Cyanosis

38
Q

Pulmonary edema

A

Restless
Anxiety
Tachycardia
Tachypnea
Dyspnea
Cool and clammy
Cyanosis
Weak rapid pulse
Cough
Moist noisy respirations
Frothy and bloody sputum
Decreased LOC

39
Q

Compensatory mechanisms of HF

A

RAAS and SNS
Ventricle dilation
Ventricle hypertrophy
Leads to worsening HF

40
Q

PE

A

Dyspnea
Chest pain
Tachypnea
Cough

41
Q

Pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade

A

Chest pain and fullness
Pulsus paradoxus
Engorged neck veins
Labile or low BP
SOB

Falling systolic BP
Narrowing pulse pressure
Rising venous pressure
Distant heart sounds
Tachy

42
Q

Primary chemical mediators

A

Histamine
Eosinophil chemotactic factor of anaphylaxis
Platelet activating factor
Prostaglandins

43
Q

Secondary chemical mediators

A

Leukotriene
Bradykinin
Serotonin

44
Q

Type 4 delayed reaction

A

Erythema
Itching

45
Q

Type 3 immune complex reaction

A

Uticaria/rash
Joint pain
Fever
Swollen glands
Kidney damage

46
Q

Type 1 anaphylactic reaction

A

Stridor
Angioedema
Hypotension
Hives
Bronchial spasm
Flushing

47
Q

Examples of atopic allergies

A

Asthma
Allergic rhinitis
Atopic dermatitis
(Genetic predisposition)

48
Q

Examples of non atopic allergies

A

Latex
Type 1
Type 4

49
Q

PIDD

A

Persistent infections
FTT
Family hx

50
Q

CD4 T cell count in stage 1

A

500 to 1500

51
Q

CD4 T count in stage 2

A

200 to 499

52
Q

CD4 T count in stage 3

A

Below 200

53
Q

HIV

A

Resp - SOB, cough, chest pain, PNA, TB

GI - NVD, thrush, wasting

Oncologic - Kaposi sarcoma, lymphoma

Neuro - cognition, motor, visual, peripheral neuropathy, encephalopathy, depression

Skin - herpes, dermatitis

Reproductive - ulcers, candidiasis, PID, abnormal menses

54
Q

Decreased MCV indicates

A

Iron deficiency anemia
Bleeding
Sickle cell

55
Q

Increased MCV indicates

A

Megaloblastic anemia (low B12 and folate) - might be due to etoh
Hypersplenism hemolysis

56
Q

Normal CVP

A

2 to 6 mmHg

57
Q

Normal PAP

A

8 to 20 mmHg

58
Q

% for HFrEF

A

<40%

59
Q

% for HFpEF

A

> 50%

60
Q

Normal EF %

A

55 to 65%

61
Q

Posterior pituitary hormones

A

Oxytocin
ADH

62
Q

Anterior pituitary hormones

A

LH
FSH
ACTH
GH
TSH
Prolactin

63
Q

Liver functions

A

Glucose metabolism
Ammonia conversion
Protein metabolism
Fat metabolism
Vitamin and iron storage
Bile formation
Bilirubin excretion
Drug metabolism

64
Q

Hepatocellular jaundice

A

Mild or severely ill
Lack of appetite
NV, weight loss
Malaise, fatigue, weakness
HA, chills, fever, infection

65
Q

Obstructive jaundice

A

Dark urine
Clay stool
Dyspepsia
Intolerance of fats
Impaired digestion
Pruritus

66
Q

HAV

A

Flu
Fever
Anorexia
Jaundice
Dark pee
GI distress
Large liver and spleen

67
Q

HBV

A

Insidious
Looks like HAV
Loss of appetite
GI distress
Aching and malaise
Weak
Jaundice

68
Q

Hepatic cirrhosis

A

Liver enlargement
Portal obstruction
Ascites
Infection
Peritonitis
Varices
Edema
Vitamin deficiency
Anemia
Mental

69
Q

Liver CA

A

Dull pain at RUQ, back, epigastrum
Weight loss
Anemia
Anorexia
Weak
Jaundice
Ascites

70
Q

Cholelithiasis

A

Pain
Biliary colic
Jaundice
Gray stool
Dark urine
Deficiency in vitamins ADEK

71
Q

Acute pancreatitis

A

Severe abdominal and back pain
Ecchymosis in flank or umbilicus
NV
Fever
Jaundice
Mental
Hypocalcemia due to decreased vitamin D absorption
Increased amylase and lipase

Also: low BP, high HR, cyanosis, cool clammy, AKI, resp, hypoCa, hyperG, DIC (when “way south”)

72
Q

Chronic pancreatitis

A

Recurring abdominal and back pain
Vom
Weight loss
Malabsorption
Impaired protein and fat digestion
Abnormal glucose tolerance test due to islet cell malfunction
Steatorrhea
Calcification

73
Q

Acute pancreatitis complications

A

F and l
Ascites
Necrosis of pancreas (major cause of mortality and morbidity)
Shock
MODS
DIC
Kidney

74
Q

GGT associated with…

A

ETOH liver
Cholestasis

75
Q

AST associated with…

A

Liver
Kidney
Heart
Muscle

76
Q

Elevated serum alkaline phosphatase indicates

A

Biliary obstruction

77
Q

Alkaline phosphatase manufactured by…

A

Liver
Bones
Kidneys
Intestines
(Excreted at biliary tract)

78
Q

Exocrine pancreatic substances

A

Amylase for carbs
Lipase for fats
Trypsin for protein
Secretin for bicarbonate

79
Q

Endocrine pancreatic substances

A

Insulin
Glucagon
Somatostatin

80
Q

Pancreatic necrosis

A

Fever
High HR
Low BP

81
Q

Normal A1C

A

<6.5%

Block 4 Exam 3 (4 decks)

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