CM/ss Flashcards
DI
High dilute UOP
Hypernatremia
Thirsty
Addisonian crisis
Severe hypotension
Cyanosis
Fever
NV
Shock
Pallor
HA
Abdominal pain/diarrhea
Confusion
Restlessness
Cushing
Obesity
Buffalo hump
Moon face
Fluid retention
Hypertension
Fatigue
Thin extremities
Weakness
Thin skin
Fractures
Osteoporosis
Bruising
Stretch marks
Insomnia
Acne
Muscle wasting
Risk for infection
Slow healing
Low libido
HyperNa, hypoK
Virilization in gals
DKA
HyperG (250-800)
Dehydration
Acidosis
Compensatory respiratory alkalosis
Kussmaul
Ketones
High Cr, BUN, Hct
Rapid onset
HHS
HyperG leads to osmotic diuresis and loss of water and lytes
Hypernatremia
Increase OSM >320
Hypotension
Dehydration
Tachycardia
Neuro
Slower onset
No ketones or pH change
BG > 600
Elevated BUN and Cr
Higher mortality rate than DKA
Hemodynamic monitoring complications
Infection
Pneumothorax
Air embolism
PAP complications
Pulmonary artery rupture
Pulmonary thromboembolism
Pulmonary infarction
Catheter kinking
Dysrhythmias
Air embolism
IABP complications
Local obstruction
Distal ischemia
Massive ecchymosis
Dissection
Air embolism
Blood loss
Pain
Arteriospasm
Infection
Normal PR interval
0.12 to 0.20 seconds
Atrial flutter
Chest pain
SOB
Low blood pressure
Complications of afib
HF
Myocardial ischemia
Embolic events
PVC
Reduced CO
Angina
HF
Apical radial pulse deficit
V fib
Unresponsive
Pulseless
Apneic
Pacemaker complications
Infection
Malfunction
Detachment
Bleeding, hematoma
Skeletal muscle/phrenic nerve stimulation
Cardiac tamponade
Pneumothorax
Hemothorax
Pacemaker syndrome (hemodynamic instability)
Anemia
Fatigue
Weak
Malaise
Pallor
Jaundice
Cardiac, GI, neuro, resp
Smooth red tongue
Brittle nails
Angular cheilitis
Pica
Anemia complications
HF
Angina
Paresthesia
Confusion
Injury from falls
Depression
Sickle cell complications
Hypoxia, ischemia
Infection, PNA, osteomyelitis, foot ulcers
Stroke
Splenic infarction
Anemia
AKI/CKD, dehydration
HF, PHTN
Impotence
Poor compliance
SUD
Acute chest syndrome
Jaundice
DIC complications
Kidney injury
Gangrene
PE/DVT
Hemorrhage
ARDS
Stroke
Polycythemia Vera
Fatigue
HA, dizzy, vision, TIA
Abdominal pain
Ruddy complexion
Angina
Claudication
Dyspnea
HTN
Thrombophlebitis
Pruritis, erythromelalgia
Uric stones/gout
High H&H
JAK2 gene
MI, stroke
Bleeding
Lupus
Fever
Fatigue
Rash, bruising
Joint pain
Bald
CNS, photosensitivity, visual
Tinnitus
Oral ulcers
Anemia
Neutropenia
Thrombocytopenia
Pleuritis, dyspnea
Pneumonitis
Pericarditis
Myocarditis
HTN, arrhythmias
Glomerulonephritis
Splenomegaly
Osteoporosis
Sickle cell crisis
Pain
Fever
Swelling
(Also jaundice is a ss of SCD)
Head to toe assessment of DIC will reveal…
Skin: cold, pain, cyanosis, decreased sensation, ischemia, gangrene, blood, bruising
Circulation: long cap refill, decreased pulses, tachycardia
Respiratory: hypoxia, dyspnea, chest pain, diminished, tachypnea, ARDS
GI: heartburn and bleeding
Renal: low UOP, high BUN and Cr, hematuria
Neuro: altered, decreased pupils and strength, anxiety, restless, HA, visual
Hereditary hemochromatosis
(Excess iron absorption from GI tract, deposited into vital organs)
Weak, lethargy
Abdominal pain, weight loss
Arthralgia
Hyperpigmentation
Arrhythmias, cardiomyopathy, dyspnea, edema
Hypothyroidism, DM
Sex dysfunction
If pt has ss w afib, it will look like this
HF like ss…
SOB, dyspnea, hypotension, fatigue
Pulse deficit
Pacemaker malfunction
Bradycardia
Diaphoresis
Syncope
Ortho hypo
Normal QRS
0.12 sec or less
Normal PR
0.12 to 0.20 sec
Normal QT
0.32 to 0.40 sec
Normal P wave
0.11 sec or less
Hypothyroidism
Brittle
Lethargy
Forgetful
Pallor
Big tongue
Facial and peripheral edema
Cold intolerance
CM
Slow pulse
Constipation
Weight gain
Weak
Hyperthyroidism
Nervous
Weight loss
Heart intolerance
Tachy
Flushed
Warm
Exophthalmos
Hungry
Dysrhythmias
Goiter
Muscle wasting
HTN
Hypoglycemia
Sweat
Tremor
Tachy
Palpitations
Nervous
Hunger
CNS
Thyroid storm
High fever
Tachy
Agitation
Delirium
CHF
Loss of consciousness
Lab findings for DIC
Elevated D Dimer
Long PT INR
Decreased fibrinogen
Heart surgery complications
Deceased CO
Bleeding
Arrhythmias
MI
Stroke
AKI/hypoperfusion
Infection
RHF
Visceral and peripheral congestion
JVD
Edema
Hepatomegaly
Ascites
Weight gain
Fatigue
GI distress
LHF
Pulmonary congestion, crackles
S3 ventricular gallop
DOE
Low O2
Cough
Oliguria
Cyanosis
Pulmonary edema
Restless
Anxiety
Tachycardia
Tachypnea
Dyspnea
Cool and clammy
Cyanosis
Weak rapid pulse
Cough
Moist noisy respirations
Frothy and bloody sputum
Decreased LOC
Compensatory mechanisms of HF
RAAS and SNS
Ventricle dilation
Ventricle hypertrophy
Leads to worsening HF
PE
Dyspnea
Chest pain
Tachypnea
Cough
Pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade
Chest pain and fullness
Pulsus paradoxus
Engorged neck veins
Labile or low BP
SOB
Falling systolic BP
Narrowing pulse pressure
Rising venous pressure
Distant heart sounds
Tachy
Primary chemical mediators
Histamine
Eosinophil chemotactic factor of anaphylaxis
Platelet activating factor
Prostaglandins
Secondary chemical mediators
Leukotriene
Bradykinin
Serotonin
Type 4 delayed reaction
Erythema
Itching
Type 3 immune complex reaction
Uticaria/rash
Joint pain
Fever
Swollen glands
Kidney damage
Type 1 anaphylactic reaction
Stridor
Angioedema
Hypotension
Hives
Bronchial spasm
Flushing
Examples of atopic allergies
Asthma
Allergic rhinitis
Atopic dermatitis
(Genetic predisposition)
Examples of non atopic allergies
Latex
Type 1
Type 4
PIDD
Persistent infections
FTT
Family hx
CD4 T cell count in stage 1
500 to 1500
CD4 T count in stage 2
200 to 499
CD4 T count in stage 3
Below 200
HIV
Resp - SOB, cough, chest pain, PNA, TB
GI - NVD, thrush, wasting
Oncologic - Kaposi sarcoma, lymphoma
Neuro - cognition, motor, visual, peripheral neuropathy, encephalopathy, depression
Skin - herpes, dermatitis
Reproductive - ulcers, candidiasis, PID, abnormal menses
Decreased MCV indicates
Iron deficiency anemia
Bleeding
Sickle cell
Increased MCV indicates
Megaloblastic anemia (low B12 and folate) - might be due to etoh
Hypersplenism hemolysis
Normal CVP
2 to 6 mmHg
Normal PAP
8 to 20 mmHg
% for HFrEF
<40%
% for HFpEF
> 50%
Normal EF %
55 to 65%
Posterior pituitary hormones
Oxytocin
ADH
Anterior pituitary hormones
LH
FSH
ACTH
GH
TSH
Prolactin
Liver functions
Glucose metabolism
Ammonia conversion
Protein metabolism
Fat metabolism
Vitamin and iron storage
Bile formation
Bilirubin excretion
Drug metabolism
Hepatocellular jaundice
Mild or severely ill
Lack of appetite
NV, weight loss
Malaise, fatigue, weakness
HA, chills, fever, infection
Obstructive jaundice
Dark urine
Clay stool
Dyspepsia
Intolerance of fats
Impaired digestion
Pruritus
HAV
Flu
Fever
Anorexia
Jaundice
Dark pee
GI distress
Large liver and spleen
HBV
Insidious
Looks like HAV
Loss of appetite
GI distress
Aching and malaise
Weak
Jaundice
Hepatic cirrhosis
Liver enlargement
Portal obstruction
Ascites
Infection
Peritonitis
Varices
Edema
Vitamin deficiency
Anemia
Mental
Liver CA
Dull pain at RUQ, back, epigastrum
Weight loss
Anemia
Anorexia
Weak
Jaundice
Ascites
Cholelithiasis
Pain
Biliary colic
Jaundice
Gray stool
Dark urine
Deficiency in vitamins ADEK
Acute pancreatitis
Severe abdominal and back pain
Ecchymosis in flank or umbilicus
NV
Fever
Jaundice
Mental
Hypocalcemia due to decreased vitamin D absorption
Increased amylase and lipase
Also: low BP, high HR, cyanosis, cool clammy, AKI, resp, hypoCa, hyperG, DIC (when “way south”)
Chronic pancreatitis
Recurring abdominal and back pain
Vom
Weight loss
Malabsorption
Impaired protein and fat digestion
Abnormal glucose tolerance test due to islet cell malfunction
Steatorrhea
Calcification
Acute pancreatitis complications
F and l
Ascites
Necrosis of pancreas (major cause of mortality and morbidity)
Shock
MODS
DIC
Kidney
GGT associated with…
ETOH liver
Cholestasis
AST associated with…
Liver
Kidney
Heart
Muscle
Elevated serum alkaline phosphatase indicates
Biliary obstruction
Alkaline phosphatase manufactured by…
Liver
Bones
Kidneys
Intestines
(Excreted at biliary tract)
Exocrine pancreatic substances
Amylase for carbs
Lipase for fats
Trypsin for protein
Secretin for bicarbonate
Endocrine pancreatic substances
Insulin
Glucagon
Somatostatin
Pancreatic necrosis
Fever
High HR
Low BP
Normal A1C
<6.5%
