CM: Common Skin Disorders Flashcards
What is the clinical presentation of acne?
non-inflammatory lesions: closed comedones (whiteheads), open comedones (blackheads)
inflammatory lesions: erythematous papules, pustules, nodules or cysts
abscesses and scarring can follow
What tests are needed to diagnose acne vulgaris?
none - made by recognizing classic lesions in typical areas
What is the clinical presentation of tinea capitis?
scalp ringworm
patchy hair loss w inflammation, scaling, and black dot broken hairs
kerions can look like abscesses
What is the clinical presentation of tinea corporis?
trunk or extremity ringworm
erythematous, annular or arciform lesions w well defined scaly or vesicular borders and areas of central clearing
What is the clinical presentation of tinea cruris?
jock itch
same appearance as corporis but on groin or buttocks
What is the clinical presentation of tinea pedis?
athletes foot
interdigital scaling and maceration
What is the clinical presentation of tinea unguium?
inf of nails that can result in discoloration and thickening of nail plate w subungual hyperkeratotic debris
What tests are needed to diagnose tinea?
KOH prep of scales
presence of septate branching hyphae = dermatophyte
short hyphae and spores = tinea versicolor
fungal culture of dx in doubt or hair/nail inf
biopsy w special fungal stains
What is the clinical presentation of common warts (verruca vulgaris)?
flesh to brown colored hyperkeratotic papules
most frequently hands
What is the clinical presentation of filiform warts?
finger-like slender projections that arise on face or neck
usually seen in darker skinned people
What is the clinical presentation of flat warts (verruca plana)?
1-3 mm flesh to tan colored papules on face, neck, extensor upper extremities
may be in linear pattern (koebnerization)
What is the clinical presentation of condyloma acuminata?
warts growing on moist areas (genital or perianal skin)
most common type of STD
What is the clinical presentation of bites from bees, wasps, or yellow jackets?
painful red wheal with central punctum, wheal fades in hrs
rarely life threatening anaphylaxis
What is the clinical presentation of fire ant bites?
wheals with TWO hemorrhagic puncta, usually evolve into pustules in hours
What is the clinical presentation of a brown recluse spider bite?
skin necrosis, maybe constitutional symptoms (fever, headache, arthralgias, vomiting, maculopapular rash)
“red, white, and blue sign”
What is the clinical presentation of seborrheic keratosis?
small flesh, tan or yellow waxy papules that become dark brown or black with greasy surface and well-defined border
have a “stuck on” appearance
larger lesions have white or black dots on surface which are keratin pearls or horn cysts
face, chest and back
What is dermatitis papulosa nigra?
form of seborrheic keratosis that manifests as multiple, small, darkly pigmented papules on cheeks and periorbital areas of black, Hispanic and Asian pts (Morgan Freeman)
What tests are needed to diagnose seborrheic keratosis?
biopsy if needed to distinguish b/w skin cancer
arising abruptly and in crops = sign of Leser-Trelat - may be cutaneous marker of internal malignancy
What is the clinical presentation of irritant contact dermatitis?
erythema and blisters with oozing that later evolve into dry, thickened, fissured pattern
can form following a SINGLE exposure
can result from frequent hand washing
What is the clinical presentation of allergic contact dermatitis?
redness, vesiculation with oozing and crusting
more severe rxns produce edematous and vesiculobullous rxns
needs more than 1 exposure for sensitization
What tests are needed to diagnose contact dermatitis?
made by presentation
maybe patch testing if allergic and cause unknown
What are the basic features of eczema?
red, itchy, edematous skin
What are the features of the intrinsic aging process that needs to be distinguished from photo aging?
thinning and loss of elasticity of the skin
What is the clinical presentation of photo aging?
texture changes (cutis rhomboidalis of back of neck and sailors, etc), pigmentary changes
thickened, yellow, wrinkled skin
atrophy, vascular changes, telangiectasias, venous lakes
hyperpigmentation: freckles, lentigines (brown macules in elderly, sun-induced)
hypopigmentation: white macules (guttate hypomelanosis)
papular changes
actinic keratoses - pre-malignant lesions, rough sandpaper character
solar elastosis - yellow papules that coalesce into plaque
comedones w cysts around eyes - Favre-Racouchet syndrome = large blackheads admixed w round yellow papules
