clostridium & clostridioides

Question 1

characteristics of clostridium and Clostridioides

Answer 1

• part of fecal microbiota
• widespread in water and soil
• gram-positive rods
• spore-forming
• anaerobes
  level 2

Question 2

C. perfringens - sheep

Answer 2

dz: lamb dystentery (type B),
- causes sudden death, high morbidity/mortality
pulpy kidney (type D)
- overeating disease -> high starch -> overgrowth -> excessive e-toxin -> toxemia

Question 3

virulence of C. perfringes

Answer 3

enterotoxin

alpha-toxin, beta-toxin, e-toxin, i-toxin

Question 4

C. perfringens - piglets, dogs

Answer 4

dz: hemorrhagic enteritis (type C)

causes; outbreak in whole litters, acute onset, high mortality in 24 hrs

Question 5

C. perfringens - chickens

Answer 5

dz: necrotic enteritis (type A)
causes: acute enterotoxemia -> necrosis of small intestine, death

Question 6

C. tetani

Answer 6

host: many
dz: tetanus
acquired from soil that breach skin -> multiplies in necrotic tissue
causes spasmodic paralysis
toxins: tetanolysin, tetanospasmin

Question 7

C. botulinum

Answer 7

level 3

host: horses, birds, humans
dz: botulism
causes: flaccid paralytsis, toxin produces when spores germinate in anaerobic environment
control: spores extremely resistant

Question 8

C. chauvoei

Answer 8

host: cattle, sheep
dz: blackleg
control: vx, penicillin, tx usually not needed since found dead

Question 9

C septicum

Answer 9

host: large animals
dz: malignant edema, enters through wound
causes: acute fatal toxemia -> edema, gangrene
control: hygiene when performing invasive procedures
tx: high dose penicillin

Question 10

C. novyi type B

Answer 10

host: cattle, pigs, horses
dz: hepatitis, acute, necrotic
dz often associated with liver flukes
no tx

Question 11

Clostridioides difficile

Answer 11

host: pig (young)
dz: scours, sudden death, mesocolonic edema due to production of enterotoxin A and B
control: possible source from human infections