Cloning & Genetic Engineering

Question 1

What are the 2 types of cloning?

Answer 1

• Adult cell cloning

- Embryo cell cloning

Question 2

What happens in adult cell cloning?

Answer 2

1. Remove a skin cell from an animal.
2. Get an egg cell from another animal & remove it’s nucleus.
3. Put the nucleus from the skin cell into the now empty egg cell.
4. Put the new cell into the ovaries of a surrogate mother.

Question 3

What happens in embryo cell cloning?

Answer 3

1. Sperm and egg cells are taken from two animals.
2. The sperm are used to fertilise the egg
3. An embryo is developed and split to form clones.
4. The cloned embryos are then put into surrogate mothers.

Question 4

What is genetic engineering?

Answer 4

Removing a gene from a living organism and putting it into another organism.

Question 5

What happens in genetic engineering?

Answer 5

1. bacterium
2. restriction enzymes to cut open the plasmid(the hollow circle diagram)
3. human insulin put into plasmid
4. Ligase enzyme is glued in
5. new plasmid in new bacterium
6. cell division
7. each bacterium now able to make insulin as has the insulin gene

Question 6

What is made in the process of genetic engineering?

Answer 6

Makes insulin rapidly and cheaply on a large scale.

Question 7

What does GM stand for?

Answer 7

Genetic Modification

Question 8

What do GM crops do?

Answer 8

Produce unique sets of genes & can be swapped around different species.

Question 9

How are GM crops made?

Answer 9

By transferring genes to a crop.

Question 10

What is the good thing about GM crops?

Answer 10

They are pest and weedkiller resistant which hopefully means a greater crop yield.

Question 11

Whats the problem with Gm crops?

Answer 11

It’s suspected that the pest proof crops may kill bees and butterflies.