Clipp cases Flashcards
What are the TORCH infections?
Toxoplasmosis, other (HepB, Syphillis, Parovirus, HIV), rubella, CMV, Herpes virus 2
What are the signs of a Torch infection?
Microcephaly, organomegaly, rash
What are the manifestations of an infection with CMV?
Microcephaly, intracranial calcifications, enlarged ventricles, bilateral hearing loss, choreoretinitis, hepatosplenomegaly, rash
What is the caloric requirement for a term infant?
100cal/kg/day-120cal/kg/day
What is the caloric requirement for a pre-term infant?
115cal/kg/day-130cal/kg/day
What is the caloric requirement for a very low birth weight infant?
150cal/kg/day
When is a baby ready to transition to regular cows milk?
12months
What is the Moro reflex in a baby?
Reflex thats used to check for musculoskeletal abnormalities ot neural plexsus injuries. Reflex is elicited by moving the babies head and the baby will abduct their head, extend their arms and adduct their arms and sometimes cry.
When should the Moro reflex disappear?
At 4 months
Whats the daily requirement of vitamin D in pediatrics?
400units
What is the age that most babies sleep through the night?
4-6months
When are the MMR, varicella and Hep A vaccines given?
12months
What vaccines are given at the 2month visit?
Rotavirus, H. flu type b, pneumococcus, IPV, DTaP, second dose of Hep B
How many doses of MMR, Varicella, and Hep A should kids get?
2 doses of each
By what age should an infant double and triple their birth weight?
At 5 months an infant should double their weight
At 12months an infant should triple their weight
What could cause an absent red reflex in a baby?
- Cataracts
- Glaucoma
- Retinoblastoma
- Chorioretinitis
What is the height that children should stay in a booster seat until?
4’9in (142cm)
What things should a 3 yr old be doing?
- Dress self
- Feed self
- Speaks in 2-3 word sentences
- Knows name and use of cup
- Builds tower of 6 cubes, throws ball, rides tricycle, copies circle
What is the medical term for eczema?
Atopic dermatitis
What are some treatments for eczema?
- Lubricating the skin
- Short burst of anti-inflammatories (hydrocortizone)
- Antihistamines for itching (loratidine and cetirizine)
What is the cover/uncover and hirschberg light reflex test used for?
Assess for strabismus
When do you screen children for anemia?
At 12 months and again when they enter preschool or kindergarten
At what age should you start measuring blood pressure?
Age 3
What is obese and overweight in pediatrics?
Overweight is BMI >85%-95%
Obese is BMI > 95%
What are the stages of HTN in pediatrics?
Norma BP 99
What sort of things should come to mind when you have a child with high BP
Renal parenchymal disease or corarctation of the aorta
Whats the most common treatment for ADHD?
Methylphenidate (concerta) 18mg daily
Most common side effect of stimulants like methylphenidate?
Appetite suppression
How many calories does a 1 yr old require?
1000kcal/day
What does deficiency in vitamin A cause?
Bitot spots, blindness, hyperkeratosis, increase susceptibility to infection
What does a deficiency in vitamin B1/thiamine cause?
Beri-beri
What does a deficiency in vitamin B2/riboflavin cause?
Glossitis, keratitis, seborrheic dermatitis
What does a deficiency in vitamin B3/ Niacin cause?
Pellagra (dementia, diarrhea, dermatitis)
What does a deficiency in vitamin B6/Pyridoxine cause?
Convulsions, irritability, hypochromic anemia
What does a deficiency in vitamin C cause?
Scurvy
What does a deficiency in vitamin D cause?
Rickets and osteomalacia
What does a deficiency in vitamin E cause?
Hemolytic anemia in premies
What does a deficiency in vitamin K cause?
Hemorrhagic disease of the newborn
What are the symptoms of copper deficiency?
Hypochromic normocytic anemia, hypotonia, and osteoporosis
What are the symptoms of zinc deficiency?
Diarrhea, rashes, altered taste, behavior changes
What are the symptoms of selenium deficiency?
Pigment loss in skin and hair, macrocytosis, cardiomyopathy
When does the anterior frontanelle close?
Between 6-18 months
What are the two causes of precocious puberty?
Central means GnRH is being released
Peripheral means androgens are being released
When does puberty start in girls?
8-13yrs
When does puberty start in boys
10-14yrs
What happens in the different stages of puberty
Thelarche--> breast production Adrenarche--> production of adrenal hormones-->pubic and axillary hair Growth spurt--> growth in height Menarche--> menstruation Gonadarche--> sex hormone production
What are the things you can check looking for dehydration?
- Fontanells (sunken or not)
- Eyes (sunken or not)
- Mucous membranes (dry or parched or not)
- Blood pressure (normal, orthostatic, hypotension)
- Skin turgor (normal, 2 sec)
- Urine output (normal, oliguria, anuria)
- Pulse (normal, rapid, thready)
How does dehydration affect the BUN: creatine ratio?
Causes an elevation in BUN: creatine ratio.
What is oliguria?
Decrease in urine output.
Normal heart rate for a newborn?
120-160