ClinSkills HEENT 1 Flashcards
What are some things you should look for while examining hair?
quantity, texture, distribution, and any loss patterns
What are some things you should look for while examining the scalp?
scaliness, lumps nevi or other lesions
What are some things you should look for while examining the skull?
size/contour, deformities, lumps
What are some things you should look for while examining the face?
Facial expression/contours, asymmetry, edema, masses, or involuntary movement
What are some things you should look for while examining skin?
color, pigmentation, thickness, distribution, lesions, and texture
How does the eye focus light?
on retina neurosensory cells (processed in posterior part of the brain)
What part of the eye controls pupillary size?
the iris
What do ciliary body muscles do?
control lens thickness by attaching to lens and changing size and size to focus light onto retina
What should you look for in an eye inspection?
eyelids, iris, pupil, sclera (muddy sclera-yellow to brown sclera in older people), conjunctiva, lacrimal glands
What is a blown pupil?
lack of stimulation to constrict a pupil so they are large
What color should the conjunctiva be?
pale reddish to pink- if its white and pale, think anemia
Lateral eyelid loss would be indicative of what?
hypothyroidism
How would you examine the conjunctiva and sclera?
ask the patient to look up and depress lids downward and then ask patient to look all around to identify any foreign bodies
look at iris markings too
What is anisocoria?
- Difference in pupil size
- 0.04mm or greater
- Seen in 35% of healthy people
- If pupillary reactions normal, probably benign
What is a stye?
back uped oil gland on eyelashes. Generally warm soaps will help open up
What is dacrocystitis?
backed up lacrimal gland
What is a consensual reaction?
shine light in one pupil and opposite pupil should also constrict
How should extra ocular muscles be tested?
stand two feet in front of patient, use otoscope and ask patients to follow with eyes
How would Cushing’s syndrome present?
increased adrenal cortisol productions produces a round or ‘moon’ face with red cheeks
What is alopecia areata?
pattern of baldness characterized by a demarcated bald spot- very round. Common in post-pregnancy state.
What kind of epithelium do the nasal membranes have?
ciliated psuedostratified glandular columnar epithelium
How much mucus is produced by the nose and paranasal sinuses per day?
1 quart. Amount can double if inflamed
What are some of the contents of mucus?
IgA, IgE, and muramidase
What is the narrowest portion of the upper airway?
anterior nasal valve
Uniltareal purulent rhinorrhea is a halllmark of what?
foreign body in the nose (common in children)
What is ankyloglossia?
shortened lingual frenulum- can interfere with feeding and speech articulation
What is a ranula?
a mucocele of the sublingual gland
