ClinSkills HEENT 1

Question 1

What are some things you should look for while examining hair?

Answer 1

quantity, texture, distribution, and any loss patterns

Question 2

What are some things you should look for while examining the scalp?

Answer 2

scaliness, lumps nevi or other lesions

Question 3

What are some things you should look for while examining the skull?

Answer 3

size/contour, deformities, lumps

Question 4

What are some things you should look for while examining the face?

Answer 4

Facial expression/contours, asymmetry, edema, masses, or involuntary movement

Question 5

What are some things you should look for while examining skin?

Answer 5

color, pigmentation, thickness, distribution, lesions, and texture

Question 6

How does the eye focus light?

Answer 6

on retina neurosensory cells (processed in posterior part of the brain)

Question 7

What part of the eye controls pupillary size?

Answer 7

the iris

Question 8

What do ciliary body muscles do?

Answer 8

control lens thickness by attaching to lens and changing size and size to focus light onto retina

Question 9

What should you look for in an eye inspection?

Answer 9

eyelids, iris, pupil, sclera (muddy sclera-yellow to brown sclera in older people), conjunctiva, lacrimal glands

Question 10

What is a blown pupil?

Answer 10

lack of stimulation to constrict a pupil so they are large

Question 11

What color should the conjunctiva be?

Answer 11

pale reddish to pink- if its white and pale, think anemia

Question 12

Lateral eyelid loss would be indicative of what?

Answer 12

hypothyroidism

Question 13

How would you examine the conjunctiva and sclera?

Answer 13

ask the patient to look up and depress lids downward and then ask patient to look all around to identify any foreign bodies

look at iris markings too

Question 14

What is anisocoria?

Answer 14

• Difference in pupil size
• 0.04mm or greater
• Seen in 35% of healthy people
• If pupillary reactions normal, probably benign

Question 15

What is a stye?

Answer 15

back uped oil gland on eyelashes. Generally warm soaps will help open up

Question 16

What is dacrocystitis?

Answer 16

backed up lacrimal gland

Question 17

What is a consensual reaction?

Answer 17

shine light in one pupil and opposite pupil should also constrict

Question 18

How should extra ocular muscles be tested?

Answer 18

stand two feet in front of patient, use otoscope and ask patients to follow with eyes

Question 19

How would Cushing’s syndrome present?

Answer 19

increased adrenal cortisol productions produces a round or ‘moon’ face with red cheeks

Question 20

What is alopecia areata?

Answer 20

pattern of baldness characterized by a demarcated bald spot- very round. Common in post-pregnancy state.

Question 21

What kind of epithelium do the nasal membranes have?

Answer 21

ciliated psuedostratified glandular columnar epithelium

Question 22

How much mucus is produced by the nose and paranasal sinuses per day?

Answer 22

1 quart. Amount can double if inflamed

Question 23

What are some of the contents of mucus?

Answer 23

IgA, IgE, and muramidase

Question 24

What is the narrowest portion of the upper airway?

Answer 24

anterior nasal valve

Question 25

Uniltareal purulent rhinorrhea is a halllmark of what?

Answer 25

foreign body in the nose (common in children)

Question 26

What is ankyloglossia?

Answer 26

shortened lingual frenulum- can interfere with feeding and speech articulation

Question 27

What is a ranula?

Answer 27

a mucocele of the sublingual gland