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WRAP UP > Clinician's view of pathogenic microbes > Flashcards

Clinician's view of pathogenic microbes Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 4 types of pneumonia-meningitis bacteria?

A
  1. Strep pneumoniae (MCC meningitis > 18 y/o)
  2. Haemophilus influenzae
  3. Neisseria meningitidis (MCC of meningitis 1 month - 18 y/o)
  4. moraxella catarrhalis (bloodstream invasion rare)
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2
Q

what do all the bacteria that cause meningitis have in common?

A

they all have capsules (that make them resistant to phagocytosis)

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3
Q

what are the vaccines made of that protect against microbes causing bacterial meningitis?

A

made of capsular polysaccharide

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4
Q

what kind of pts are at an increased risk of overwhelming sepsis + meningitis?

A

asplenic pts

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5
Q

what kind of bacteria cause dental caries?

A

strep mutans (type of viridans strep)

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6
Q

what are the HACEK microbes?

A

H-hemophilus A-actinobacillus C-Cardiobacterium E-Eikenella K-kingella tiny, fastidious, G neg. bacilli that can cause endocarditis

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7
Q

the infections caused by the not so bad staph and strep are generally not fulminant except in what pts?

A

granulocytopenic pts

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8
Q

Staph Aureus likes to inhabit what part of skin?

A

ant. nares

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9
Q

staph aureus can cause pneumonia in what kind of pts?

A

pts on ventilators (ventilator assoc. pneumonia)

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10
Q

name the microbe: infects prosthetic devices & iv catheters by producing adherent biofilms, and csf shunts?

A

staph epidermis

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11
Q

name the microbe: G+, cocci, Cat+, clusters, Coag neg. novobiocin sensitive

A

Staph epidermis

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12
Q

what is erysipelas and what pathogen causes it?

A

a fiery-red, rapidly enlarging, painful patch of skin and subq tissue; caused by Strep pyogenes

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13
Q

where do group B strep (strep. agalactiae) like to live?

A

colon and vagina

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14
Q

which pathogen is the leading cause of sepsis and meningitis in the neonate?

A

Group B strep

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15
Q

how does the neonate acquire a group b strep infection?

A

acquired from birth through vaginal canal (can use antibiotics for prophylaxis if mom is carrier)

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16
Q

name the pathogen: cousins to strep, G+ cocci, seen in pairs, normal GU & GI flora of low virulence, usually part of mixed infections, can cause UTIs and endocarditis

A

enterococci (group D strep)

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17
Q

when you find enterococci in the blood stream what should be thinking about as far as sources?

A

IV catheters, GI lesions (esp. tumors)

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18
Q

which pathogens are considered the world’s most antibiotic-resistant bacteria?

A

enterococci (group D strep)

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19
Q

how do you treat enterococci infections?

A

takes 2: penicillin + aminoglycoside

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20
Q

which pathogen is considered to be the most famous nonfermenter and is a gram neg. rod, oxidase +

A

pseudomonas aeruginosa

21
Q

which pathogen flourishes in pts treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics, and is an important cause of nosocomial infections esp. UTIs, & IV catheter

A

candida

22
Q

name the pathogen: a diptheroid (club-shaped gram-positive rod) that is an important cause of meningitis in neonates

A

listeria monocytogenes

23
Q

name the pathogen: cause of chronic meningitis in both normal & IC pts, distinctive capsule seen on india ink preps of CSF

A

cryptococcus (Y)

24
Q

name the pathogen: causes a necrotizing sinusitis that invades the brain in pts with DKA & in severely IC or granulocytopenic pts

A

zygomycetes (M) dz = rhinocerebral mucormycosis

25
Q

which systemic fungal pathogen is acquired in teh southwest and of the 3 (coccidioides, blasto, histo) is the most apt to invade the CNS to cause meningitis?

A

coccidioides (Y)

26
Q

name the pathogen: yeast that causes lymphangitis in the form of subq nodular inflamm. lesions marching up a lymphatic vessel after a puncture wound, esp. in gardners who use sphagnum moss

A

sporothrix

27
Q

which pathogens are considered the smallest free-living organisms?

A

mycoplasmas

28
Q

which pathogens has no cell wall and is the leading cause of atypical pneumonia?

A

mycoplasma pneumoniae

29
Q

what kinds of infections are caused by M. hominis & ureaplasma?

A

genital tract infections, esp. urethritis in men and postpartum endometritis in women

30
Q

which pathogen is the MC sexually transmitted GU infection?

A

Chlamydiae trachomatis

31
Q

which serotypes of chlamydia trachomatis cause lymphogranuloma venereum?

A

L1, L2, L3

32
Q

which pathogen causes psittacosis?

A

Chlamydiae psittaci, severe febrile pneumonia acquired from birds

33
Q

which bacterial pathogens can’t make their own ATP?

A

Chlamydiae (obligate intracellular organisms)

34
Q

where do the rickettsiae replicate?

A

replicate intracellularly esp. in endothelial cells

35
Q

which pathogen, that can be cultured on artificial media can ause cat-scratch disease, trench fever, bartonellosis, peliosis hepatis bacillary angiomatosis ( an AIDs disease)

A

bartonellae

36
Q

which two pathogens are known to be causes of fever of unknown origin in normal and IC hosts?

A

bartonellosis ehrilichiosis

37
Q

name the pathogen: monocytes with morula (berry-like ) inclusion in cytoplasm

A

ehrlichiosis

38
Q

which helminth can live its entire cycle in humans?

A

strongyloides (threadworm)

39
Q

what is the term for when strongyloides take e. coli with them to various organs?

A

piggyback sepsis

40
Q

what is the most common parasitic disease worldwide?

A

ascariasis

41
Q

what types of viruses tend to cause acute infections?

A

RNA viruses

42
Q

name the pathogen: causes cold sores, rarely severe necrotizing encephalitis

A

HSV1

43
Q

what is the most common manifestation of HSV1 in IC pt?

A

esophagitis

44
Q

name the pathogen: causes genital herpes, severe infections in neonate

A

HSV2

45
Q

how could you help prevent neonate from infection of HSV when mom has active genital herpes at the time of birth?

A

C-section

46
Q

which virus causes roseola (aka exanthem subitum, baby measles)?

A

HHV-6

47
Q

the roseola virus is cytopathic for what kind of cells?

A

CD4 cellS

48
Q

subclinical reactivation of what roseola is common in what circumstances?

A

immunodeficiency and CMV infection

49
Q

which virus causes Kaposi’s sarcoma?

A

HHV8

WRAP UP (10 decks)

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