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PMLS FINALS > CLINICIAL MICRO > Flashcards

CLINICIAL MICRO Flashcards

1
Q

two major areas in clinical microscopy

A

Urinalysis and Fecalysis

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2
Q

examination of urine

A

Urinalysis

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3
Q

Lab examinations of feces

A

fecalysis

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4
Q

Used to chemicaly test urine

A

Reagent strip

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5
Q

Duties or Test Performed under CM

A

Routine Urinalysis
Fecalysis
Urine: Beta-hcg testing

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6
Q

tested in physical examination of urine

A

color and clarity

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7
Q

tested in chemical examination of urine

A

11 parameters

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8
Q

where are the kidneys located

A

posterior abdominal wall known as retroperitoneum

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9
Q

The part that is tested in microscopic examination after urine is centrifuged

A

constituents

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10
Q

The liquid part above a residue after a sample is centrifuged

A

supernatant

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11
Q

detected in fecalysis

A

parasitic worms and ova and Fecal occult blood test

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12
Q

what is examined in FOBT

A

Colorectal Cancer

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13
Q

Beta-hcg meaning

A

Beta-human chrionic gonadotropin

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14
Q

where is beta-hcg produced

A

placenta

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15
Q

meaning of beta-hcg in urine

A

person in pregnant

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16
Q

measurement of kidney

A

150g, 12.5 cm in length, 6cm in width, and 2.5 cm in depth

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17
Q

functional unit of kidneys

A

nephrons

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18
Q

how many nephrons are there in kidneys

A

1-1.5m

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19
Q

Reasons for performing urinalysis

A

Diagnosis of disease
Screening asymptomatic populations for undetected disorder
Monitoring the progress of disease
Monitoring the effectiveness of therapy

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20
Q

Composition of urine

A

consists of urea and other chemicals dissolved in water

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21
Q

Major organic solute in urine

A

urea (protein, amino acid breakdown), and creatinine and uric acid

22
Q

percent composition of urine

A

95% water and 5% solutes

23
Q

factors that may effect percent composition of urine

A

dietary intake, physical activity, body metabolism, and endocrine function

24
Q

most useful substance that identifies a fluid as urine

A

uniquely high creatine concentration

25
Q

term for urine that has not left the body yet

A

ultrafiltrate

26
Q

determined by body’s state of hydration

A

urine volume

27
Q

normal urine output

A

1200-1500 ml
600-2000 ml is considered normal

28
Q

decrease in urine output

A

oliguria

29
Q

increase in urine output

A

polyuria

30
Q

no urine output

A

anuria

31
Q

increase urine output at night

A

nocturia

32
Q

Normal urine color

A

pale yellow- yellow - dark yellow

33
Q

yellow pigment in urine

A

urochrome

34
Q

abnormal urine color

A

red = rbc in blood
black = malignant melanoma

35
Q

what are present when urine are turbid

A

RBC WBC bacteria abnormal crystals lymph fluids

36
Q

presence of rbc in blood

A

hematuria

37
Q

presence of wbc in blood

A

pyuria

38
Q

They produce casts

A

reticulo endothelial cells

39
Q

presence of casts in blood

A

cylinduria

40
Q

Epithelial cells

A

squamous, transitional, rte

41
Q

where are squamous epithelial cells found

A

lining of vagina, urethra

42
Q

where are transitional epithelial cells found

A

renal pelvis, calyces, ureters, bladder

43
Q

where are rte found

A

tubules of kidneys

44
Q

indicator of kidney disease or injury

A

RTE

45
Q

RTE with lipid

A

oval fat bodies

46
Q

most common parasite in urine

A

Trichomonas

47
Q

caused by trichomonas

A

strawberry cervix or ping pong disease, trichomonas vaginalis

48
Q

other elements that can be observed when examining urine under the microscope

A

bacteria, yeast, spermatozoa, mucus

49
Q

how are crystals in urine formed

A

precipitation of solutes

50
Q

what crystal signifies that px has gouty arthritis

A

uric acid crystal

51
Q

2 major brands of reagent strips

A

multistix and chemstrip

52
Q

Some of the laboratory methods in parasitology

A

baermann funnel
bentonite flocculation test
entero/string test
FECT Formalin Ether Concentration technique
Kato Katz
knott’s concentration test
scotch tape swab

PMLS FINALS (6 decks)

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