clinically relevant anatomy

Question 1

which ligament is the carpal tunnel formed by and which bones does the carpal tunnel run between?

Answer 1

transverse carpal ligament
pisiform and hook of hamate to the
trapezium and scaphoid

Question 2

what structures form the thoracic inlet/superior thoracic aperture? what condition is this area clinically relevant to?

Answer 2

posteriorly T1 vertebral body and costo-vertebral joints
laterally first ribs and their costal cartilages
anteriorly superior border of the manubrium
implicated in thoracic outlet syndrome

Question 3

name the attachments of the 3 scalene muscles

Answer 3

anterior scalene TPs C3-C6 to scalene tubercle of rib 1
middle scalen TPs C2-C7 to scalene tubercle of rib 1
posterior scalene TPs C5-C7 to rib 2

Question 4

which structures form the tarsal tunnel?

Answer 4

roof-flexor retinaculum
floor-medial surfaces of tibia, talus, and calcaneous
structures: posterior tibial neurovascular bundle (tibial nerve as it divides into medial and lateral plantar nerve, posterior tibial artery and vein), tibialis posterior,

Question 5

what are the attachments of levator scapulae?

Answer 5

TPs of C1-4 to the superior angle/medial border of the scapula

Question 6

what are the attachments of latissimus dorsi?

Answer 6

SPs T7-12 and iliac crest to the floor of the bicipital groove of the humerus

Question 7

what are the attachments of trapezius?

Answer 7

nuchal line, nuchal ligament, SPs C7-T12 to lateral clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula

Question 8

what are the attachments of the rhomboids?

Answer 8

min= SPs C7-T1 to medial scapula 
maj= SPs T2-T5 to medial scapula (below spine of scap)

Question 9

what are the attachments of pectoralis major?

what are the attachments of pectoralis minor?

Answer 9

clavicle and sternum to lateral groove of humerus

ribs 3-5 to coracoid process

Question 10

what are the attachments of serratus anterior?

Answer 10

ribs 1-8 to anterior surface / medial border scapula

holds scap to thoracic wall, pulls scapulae forward

Question 11

what are the approximate attachments of the diaphragm?

Answer 11

sternal, costal and lumbar origins to a central tendon

Question 12

what are the main actions of glut max, glut med, and glut min have?

Answer 12

Glut max-extends thigh, ext rot

Glut med and min= abducts thigh, int rot, stabilises pelvis preventing drop of opposite side in locomotion