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Boards Review > Clinical Science 3 > Flashcards

Clinical Science 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Schober’s test =

A
  • Schober’s test assesses the amount of lumbar Flexion (limited)
  • A markis made at the level of the posterior iliac spine on the vert column, ( aprox L5)
  • Therapist then places one finger 5cm below this mark, adn another finger 10 cm above the mark
  • Pt actively touches toes
  • iF the increase in distance between the two fingers on the Pt’s spine is less than 5cm, this indicates limited lumbar Flexion
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2
Q

Hoover’s Test =

A

Malingering Test

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3
Q

Cervical spine loose packed position:

A

Midway between Flexion & Extension

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4
Q

Cervical spine close pack position:

A

Extension

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5
Q

Thoracic & Lumbar spine loose pack position:

A

Midway btw Flexion & Extension

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6
Q

Thoracic and Lumbar closed pack position:

A

Extension

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7
Q

Which way does the cervical/t-spine vertebrae translate on right side Flexion?

A

Side bending is coupled with axial rotation on the SAME side

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8
Q

Which way do lumbar vertebrae translate on right side Flexion?

A

Side bending is coupled with axial rotation in the OPPOSITE side

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9
Q

Cervical Spine ligaments that we test:

A

Alar, Transverse, Apical

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10
Q

Most Common direction of disc Herniation:

A

Posterolateral

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11
Q

S/sx of a slipped disc include:

A

P and numbness, MC on one side of the body
P that extends to your arms and/or legs
P that worsens at night
P that worsens after standing/sitting
P when walking short distances
Unexplained mm weakness
Tingling, aching, or burning sensations in the affected area

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12
Q

Nerve that passes between L4 and L5

A

L5

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13
Q

L5 nerve impingement =

A

Foot drop

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14
Q

If the L5 near root is impinged, where is the impingement located?

A

Between L4 and L5

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15
Q

If S1 nerve root is impinged, where is the impingement?

A

L5/S1

May cause loss of the ankle reflex

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16
Q

Common S/sx assoc. with Facet lock / Facet jt pain :

A
  • Mm spasm which can pull the spine out of alignment adn cause back pain
  • Often Pt’s will report just bending over to tie shoes, adn suddenly not being able to take move
  • The usual acute joint attack of back pain involving facet joint occurs suddenly with no warning
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17
Q

Piriformis Syndrom:

A
  • Pain behind hip adn buttocks
  • Electric shock pains traveling Down the back of the lower extremity
  • numbness in the lower extremity
  • tenderness with pressure on the piriformis mm (often causes Pain when sitting on hard chairs)
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18
Q

BAck strain S/Sx

A 
Pain that worsens with movement
Mm cramping/spasm
Sudden uncontrolled mm contractions
Decreased function and/or ROM of joint
Difficulty walking, bending forward/sideways, standing straight
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19
Q

Lumbago:

A

Pain in the mm joints of the low back

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20
Q

Rule of 3 in the T-spine

A

T 1-3. T12. SAME

T 4-6. T11. 1/2 segment ABOVE

T 7-9. T10. Full segment ABOVE

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21
Q

SPondyllisthesis

A

Forward displacement of the vertebra, especially L5

MC occurs after break or Fx

Backward displacement = Retrolisisthesis

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22
Q

Spondylolysis

A

Defect of the Pars Interarticularis of the vertebral arch

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23
Q

Spondylitis

A

INflammation of the joints of the vertebrae

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24
Q

What’s indicative of Intrathorasic / Intrathorasic-Abdominal Pain while pooping?

A

Herniated Disc
Trauma
Tumor
Osteophyte in lumbar canal

(Valsalva Test)

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25
Q

Trendelenburgs Gait:

A

Weak Glut Med (and Min)
NO stabilization through stance phase = excess Lat movement to standing side

If boy side are weak = side to side swing “Chorus Girl Swing”

Also seen in congenital hip dislocation/ Coxa Vera

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26
Q

Lurch Gait:

A

Weak Glut Max

Thorax lurches Posteriorly in Initial Contact (heel strike)

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27
Q

Trendelenburg Test, positive =

A

Slouching hip of the affected aside while opposite foot is OFF the ground

28
Q

A woman walk in with shoulder Pan that came on gradually. She is experiencing night pain and Pain with ABduction. What could this be and what special test are indicated?

A

Frozen Shoulder

Do an Impingement Test + Adhesive Capsulitis ABduction Test

29
Q

A man presents with Neuro signs in left arm, what special test would you perform?

A

Distraction/Compression
Spurlings,
Upper Limb Tension Test

30
Q

What is a step deformity?

A

AC Separation

31
Q

What is a Sulcus Sign?

A

Dislocated AC joint, humerus appears dropped from shoulder

32
Q

Colle’s Fracture

A

Wrist fracture involving a break of the distal end of the Radius
“Dinner Fork” appearance

25% of Colles Fx have Complex Regional Pain Syndrom (CRPS)

@ 9 weeks, most Pain resolves

33
Q

What is Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy?

Also called Complex Regional Pain Syndrom CRPS

A

Condition characterized by diffuse Pain, swelling, limited mvmt that follows injury such as a Fx to arm or leg.

S/Sx are always out of proportion to the injury and can linger long after the site has healed.

34
Q

Nursemaids Elbow involves:

A

Subluxation of head of radius from it’s encirclement of the Annular Lig
Radial subluxation
Prox humeroradial dislocation

35
Q

Bouchard’s Nodes:

A

Sign of RA or OA

Hard bony outgrowths or gelatinous cysts on PIP jts of fingers / toes

36
Q

Heberden’s Nodes

A

Hard, bony swellings that can develop in the DIPs

Sign of OA

37
Q

OK sign - Pinch Test - Median Nerve / Ant Int Oss Nerve

A

Lesions of the Ant Int Oss nerve may cause weakness of:

FPL
FDP
FDS
Pronation Quadraus mm

38
Q

Histology of the Carpal Tunnel:

A
  • Carpal Tunnel is an osteofibrous canal situated in the wrist
  • Goes from the carpal bones+flexor retinaculum
  • Contains Median Nerve + 9 tendons:
    FPL, FDS, FDP
39
Q

If asked to make the “OK” sign, patients who make a triangle instead exposes:

A

Weak FPL +FDP leading to weakness of the Flexion of distal phalanges of thumb and index finger
= impairment of pincer mvmt + difficulty picking up sm items

40
Q

If you’ve torn your meniscus, you may experience the following signs on your knee:

A 
"Popping"
Inflam, stiffness
Pain w twisting/rot mvmts
Difficult straightening knee fully
"Blocked" feeling when moving knee / Locked in place
41
Q

Terrible Triad:

A

Injury to ACL, MCL, Medial Menicus

42
Q

Housemaids Knee, aka:

A

Pre patellar Bursitis

43
Q

If a soccer player gets kicked in the back of the knee, what is most likely to be injured?

A

ACL Injury

44
Q

If a patient can’t straighten the knee, it’s most likely a:

A

Bucket Handle Tear (Med. Meniscal Injury)

45
Q

If someone if experiencing Pain going up stairs it is likely:

A

Patella Femoral Pain Syndrom

Pain from posterior surface of the patella articulating with the femur out of alignment

46
Q

Hallmarks of Runners Knee:

A

No Pain on Knee Extension
“Click” sound with extension
Due to mm imbalance of Strong Vastus Lateralis (pulls knee Lat)
Vs
Weak Vastus Medialis (need to strengthen)

47
Q

What is a Reverse Q Angle?

A

Patella tracks Laterally and may sublux
Pt needs to strengthen ADDuctors
Stretch ITB + Vast Lat

48
Q

Screw Home Mechanism=

A

External Rot of Tibia on Femur in last 20* of Extension
(Locking Mechanism)

Open Chain: Tib Ext Rot on Femur + Ant glide to become more congruent on Femur

Closed Chain: Femoral Int Rot on Tibia

49
Q

An Inversion Sprain of the Ankle commonly affects the:

A

Anterior Talofibular Ligament

50
Q

A tear to the Spring Ligament of the foot would cause:

A

Pronation (Drop Arch)

51
Q

Myotome C1-2

A

Neck FLX/EXT

52
Q

Myotome C3

A

Neck side FLX

53
Q

Myotome C4

A

Shoulder elevation

54
Q

Myotome C5

A

Shoulder ABduction

55
Q

Myotome C6

A

Elbow FLX / Wrist EXT

56
Q

Myotome C7

A

Elbow EXT / Wrist FLX

57
Q

Myotome C8

A

Ulnar Deviation
Thumb EXT
Finger FLX + ABduction

58
Q

Myotome T1

A

ABduction / ADDuction of Intrinsics

59
Q

Myotome L1-2

A

Hip FLX

60
Q

Myotome L3

A

Knee EXT

61
Q

Myotome L4

A

Ankle Dorsi FLX

62
Q

Myotome L5

A

Big Toe EXT

63
Q

Myotome S1

A

“Poo on shoe”

Ankle Plantar FLX, Eversion, Hip EXT, Knee FLX

64
Q

Myotome S2

A

Knee FLX

65
Q

Myotome S3

A

Foot Intrinsics

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