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Case 4 > Clinical Relevance > Flashcards

Clinical Relevance Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 principle epicardia arteries involved in ischaemic heart disease?

A

RCA, LAD, Circumflex

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2
Q

What causes atherosclerosis?

A
  • Fatty streaks in blood attract macrophages > engulf + oxidise
  • LDL build up in macrophage = macrophage > foam cell - releasing cytokines
  • Foam cells accumulate + form plaque
  • When plaque ruptures, symptoms start
  • Platelet activation > thrombosis > thrombus may break off and move down vessel + lodge as embolus
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3
Q

What is the Framingham cohort?

A

Identifies risk factors for IHD

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4
Q

What happens to systolic and diastolic blood pressure with age?

A

Systolic increases

Diastolic decreases

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5
Q

What drugs are used to treat hypertension?

A

ACE inhibitors
Ca channel blocker
Diuretic (thiazide)

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6
Q

What effect does type 2 diabetes have on IHD risk?

A

Hyperglycaemia due to insulin resistance increases risk

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7
Q

What is HbA?

A

Glycosylated haemoglobin

3 month average plasma glucose conc.

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8
Q

Define metabolic syndrome

A

Biochemical + physiological abnormalities associated with development of CVD + T2DM

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9
Q

What are some non-traditional risk factors for IHD?

A

Rheumatoid arthritis, COPD

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10
Q

What is familial hypercholesterolaemia and how do you treat it?

A
  • Deficiency for LDL receptors
  • Atherosclerosis
  • Statin treatment
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11
Q

Name plasma lipoproteins in order of size

A

HDL < LDL < IDL < VLDL < Chylomicrons

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12
Q

What is the function of chylomicrons?

A

TG from gut > liver

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13
Q

What is the function of VLDL?

A

TG liver > tissues

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14
Q

What is the function of IDL?

A

Remnant from chylomicron/VLDL

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15
Q

What is the function of LDL?

A

Cholesterol from liver > tissues

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16
Q

What is the function of HDL?

A

Cholesterol from tissues > liver

17
Q

What are some lipid lowering drugs?

A

Statins, fibrates, bile acid sequestrants, cholesterol uptake inhibitors, PCSK9 inhibitors

18
Q

What is the MOA of statins?

A

Inhibit HMG CoA reductase

Significantly lower LDL + reduce CVD

19
Q

What is a side affect of statins?

A

Muscle pain

Generally well tolerated

20
Q

Describe cholesterol biosynthesis?

A 
Acetyl-CoA 
HMG-CoA 
(HMG-CoA reductase)
Mevalonate 
Cholesterol

Case 4 (10 decks)

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