Clinical Psych Flashcards
what must a psychologist first rule out before making a DSM-5 diagnosis
general medical conditions, the direct effects of substances, and cultural considerations
what is the transdiagnostic model of mental health
trying to move away from the notion that each type of mental illness has unique cognitive/neurological factors, as many share aetiological and maintenance factors
aetiological meaning
causing or contributing to the development of a disease or condition
structural stigma meaning
ingrained stigma, seen at the societal level, that is maintained through policy, law and restricts opportunities
what are the 4 phases of self stigma
awareness (of this stimga), agreement, application to self, damage to self
anhedonia meaning
inability to experience pleasure
how long must symptoms persist before it is classed a depressive episode
over 2 weeks
criteria for panic attack
at least 4 symptoms from the DSM-5 list, that peak within 10 minutes
paraesthesia meaning
prickling or burning sensation of the skin (symptom of panic attack)
how long must excessive worry occur for GAD to be diagnosed
6 months
efficacy vs efficiency of a treatment/intervention
efficacy refors to how well it works in the lab, while effectiveness refers to how it works in the ‘real world’
what is the behavioural model of depression
explains that a low rate of behaviour can limit the opportunities for an individual to receive reinforcement and reward to behaviours which leads to a cycle of depressive symptoms
cognitive model of depression:
explains that people with depression think differently,, and that negative events can establish negative/dysfunctional schema, and activation of these scheme lead to negative automatic thoughts
what are the ABCs in the cognitive model of emotion and behaviour
A is the activation even, B is the beleifs formed about this event, and c is the consequence
duration difference between schizophrenia and schizophreniform disorder
between a month and 6 months for schizophreniform and over 6 for schizophrenia
positive vs negative symptoms of schizophrenia meaning
positive are addititve to normal experience, such as hallucinations, while negative cause a deficit in normal function such as anhedonia
ideas of reference meaning
a type of delusion, the belief that random or irrelevant occurrences relate to oneself
clanging meaning (related to schizophrenia)
putting words together because of how they sound, rather than what they mean
circumstantiality meaning (related to schizophrenia)
speech containing unnecessary or irrelevant detail (however original train of thought is still eventually reached
derailment (related to schizophrenia)
speech that strays from the main train of thought to unrelated things
avolition meaning
lack of motivation to acheive goals
alogia meaning
poverty of speech (less speech than normal), poverty of content of speech, latency of speech (delays in speech) and thought blocking
what is affective flattening
dulled emotional expression
stereotypies meaning
repetitive movements
expressed emotion as an aetiological factor of schizophrenia
type of communication directed at someone with schizophrenia that involves behaviours such as sarcasm, hostility, frustration, criticism and over-protection
the mesolimbic hypothesis as an aetiological factor of schizophrenia
beleif that overactivity of dopamine systems in the mesolimbic (middle limbic system) lead to positive symptoms of schizophrenia
what does diathesismean
personality vulnerability to developing a mental disorder
according to the “diathesis-stress” perspective, can you have disorder without either stress or diathesis
no, both must occur for mental disorder to develop
