Clinical Psych

Question 1

what must a psychologist first rule out before making a DSM-5 diagnosis

Answer 1

general medical conditions, the direct effects of substances, and cultural considerations

Question 2

what is the transdiagnostic model of mental health

Answer 2

trying to move away from the notion that each type of mental illness has unique cognitive/neurological factors, as many share aetiological and maintenance factors

Question 3

aetiological meaning

Answer 3

causing or contributing to the development of a disease or condition

Question 4

structural stigma meaning

Answer 4

ingrained stigma, seen at the societal level, that is maintained through policy, law and restricts opportunities

Question 5

what are the 4 phases of self stigma

Answer 5

awareness (of this stimga), agreement, application to self, damage to self

Question 6

anhedonia meaning

Answer 6

inability to experience pleasure

Question 7

how long must symptoms persist before it is classed a depressive episode

Answer 7

over 2 weeks

Question 8

criteria for panic attack

Answer 8

at least 4 symptoms from the DSM-5 list, that peak within 10 minutes

Question 9

paraesthesia meaning

Answer 9

prickling or burning sensation of the skin (symptom of panic attack)

Question 10

how long must excessive worry occur for GAD to be diagnosed

Answer 10

6 months

Question 11

efficacy vs efficiency of a treatment/intervention

Answer 11

efficacy refors to how well it works in the lab, while effectiveness refers to how it works in the ‘real world’

Question 12

what is the behavioural model of depression

Answer 12

explains that a low rate of behaviour can limit the opportunities for an individual to receive reinforcement and reward to behaviours which leads to a cycle of depressive symptoms

Question 13

cognitive model of depression:

Answer 13

explains that people with depression think differently,, and that negative events can establish negative/dysfunctional schema, and activation of these scheme lead to negative automatic thoughts

Question 14

what are the ABCs in the cognitive model of emotion and behaviour

Answer 14

A is the activation even, B is the beleifs formed about this event, and c is the consequence

Question 15

duration difference between schizophrenia and schizophreniform disorder

Answer 15

between a month and 6 months for schizophreniform and over 6 for schizophrenia

Question 16

positive vs negative symptoms of schizophrenia meaning

Answer 16

positive are addititve to normal experience, such as hallucinations, while negative cause a deficit in normal function such as anhedonia

Question 17

ideas of reference meaning

Answer 17

a type of delusion, the belief that random or irrelevant occurrences relate to oneself

Question 18

clanging meaning (related to schizophrenia)

Answer 18

putting words together because of how they sound, rather than what they mean

Question 19

circumstantiality meaning (related to schizophrenia)

Answer 19

speech containing unnecessary or irrelevant detail (however original train of thought is still eventually reached

Question 20

derailment (related to schizophrenia)

Answer 20

speech that strays from the main train of thought to unrelated things

Question 21

avolition meaning

Answer 21

lack of motivation to acheive goals

Question 22

alogia meaning

Answer 22

poverty of speech (less speech than normal), poverty of content of speech, latency of speech (delays in speech) and thought blocking

Question 23

what is affective flattening

Answer 23

dulled emotional expression

Question 24

stereotypies meaning

Answer 24

repetitive movements

Question 25

expressed emotion as an aetiological factor of schizophrenia

Answer 25

type of communication directed at someone with schizophrenia that involves behaviours such as sarcasm, hostility, frustration, criticism and over-protection

Question 26

the mesolimbic hypothesis as an aetiological factor of schizophrenia

Answer 26

beleif that overactivity of dopamine systems in the mesolimbic (middle limbic system) lead to positive symptoms of schizophrenia

Question 27

what does diathesismean

Answer 27

personality vulnerability to developing a mental disorder

Question 28

according to the “diathesis-stress” perspective, can you have disorder without either stress or diathesis

Answer 28

no, both must occur for mental disorder to develop