clinical microscopy - urinalysis Flashcards
what is the major organic component of urine?
urea
what is the major inorganic component of urine?
chloride
an inorganic component of urine that is second only to chloride
sodium
what is the normal range of urine output per day?
800-2000 mL / 24 hour urine
urine volume terminology:
decrease in urine output because of dehydration (vomiting, diarrhea)
oliguria
urine volume terminology:
no urine output
anuria
urine volume terminology:
increased urine output at night
nocturia
urine volume terminology:
increased urine daily output, may exceed 2L/day
polyuria
urine must be treated as biohazardous material. it also must be analyze within 2 hours or preserve.
a. both true.
b. both false.
c. only 1st statement is true.
d. only 2nd statement is false.
a
T/F
refrigeration will decrease bacterial growth but will cause the precipitation of amorphous phosphates or urates.
T
T/F
before testing, urine must be brought at room temp.
T
What do you check for the physical examination of urine?
color, appearance (clarity), odor
T/F
In urine specimen collection and handling, a clean dry cup with lid must be used. It is also a must to label the container with patient name, identification number, and date & time of urine collection.
T
Recall and enumerate the urine specimen types and collection times.
- first morning
- random midstream clean catch
- fasting
- 2-hour postprandial
- 24-hour urine
- catheterized
- midstream clean-catch
- suprapubic aspiration
- pediatric collection
what is the clinical significance of an intense yellow or amber or orange colored urine?
- pyridium (phenazopyridine): medication prescribed for patients with UTI
- bilirubin: bilirubinemia occurs from liver problems such as hepa, biliary obstruction
what is the clinical significance of green or blue colored urine?
- medications such as amitriptyline, phenols
- infection caused by PSEUDOMONAS (green urine)
what is the normal color of urine which is derived from urochrome?
yellow - normal urine color
What are the visual inspection terminology used for the clarity or appearance of urine?
clear
hazy
slightly cloudy
cloudy
turbid
milky
bloody
it is not a general part of routine urinalysis but may provide useful information to the physician
urine odor
what is the disease associated with maple syrup urine odor?
maple syrup urine disease
when urea is metabolized by bacteria, it gives what kind of odor?
ammonia odor
sweaty or fruity odor urine
ketone bodies (diabetic ketosis)
what is the normal specific gravity of urine?
1.003 to 1.035
with average SG falling between 1.015 - 1.025
identify the protein section of urine reagent strip that is most sensitive to:
albumin
what is the most frequent parasite encountered in urine?
a. Enterobius vermicularis
b. Giardia lamblia
c. Schistosoma haematobium
d. Trichomonas vaginalis
d
