clinical microscopy - urinalysis

Question 1

what is the major organic component of urine?

Answer 1

urea

Question 2

what is the major inorganic component of urine?

Answer 2

chloride

Question 3

an inorganic component of urine that is second only to chloride

Answer 3

sodium

Question 4

what is the normal range of urine output per day?

Answer 4

800-2000 mL / 24 hour urine

Question 5

urine volume terminology:

decrease in urine output because of dehydration (vomiting, diarrhea)

Answer 5

oliguria

Question 6

urine volume terminology:

no urine output

Answer 6

anuria

Question 7

urine volume terminology:

increased urine output at night

Answer 7

nocturia

Question 8

urine volume terminology:

increased urine daily output, may exceed 2L/day

Answer 8

polyuria

Question 8

urine must be treated as biohazardous material. it also must be analyze within 2 hours or preserve.

a. both true.
b. both false.
c. only 1st statement is true.
d. only 2nd statement is false.

Answer 8

a

Question 9

T/F

refrigeration will decrease bacterial growth but will cause the precipitation of amorphous phosphates or urates.

Answer 9

T

Question 10

T/F

before testing, urine must be brought at room temp.

Answer 10

T

Question 11

What do you check for the physical examination of urine?

Answer 11

color, appearance (clarity), odor

Question 12

T/F

In urine specimen collection and handling, a clean dry cup with lid must be used. It is also a must to label the container with patient name, identification number, and date & time of urine collection.

Answer 12

T

Question 13

Recall and enumerate the urine specimen types and collection times.

Answer 13

1. first morning
2. random midstream clean catch
3. fasting
4. 2-hour postprandial
5. 24-hour urine
6. catheterized
7. midstream clean-catch
8. suprapubic aspiration
9. pediatric collection

Question 14

what is the clinical significance of an intense yellow or amber or orange colored urine?

Answer 14

1. pyridium (phenazopyridine): medication prescribed for patients with UTI
2. bilirubin: bilirubinemia occurs from liver problems such as hepa, biliary obstruction

Question 15

what is the clinical significance of green or blue colored urine?

Answer 15

1. medications such as amitriptyline, phenols
2. infection caused by PSEUDOMONAS (green urine)

Question 16

what is the normal color of urine which is derived from urochrome?

Answer 16

yellow - normal urine color

Question 17

What are the visual inspection terminology used for the clarity or appearance of urine?

Answer 17

clear
hazy
slightly cloudy
cloudy
turbid
milky
bloody

Question 18

it is not a general part of routine urinalysis but may provide useful information to the physician

Answer 18

urine odor

Question 19

what is the disease associated with maple syrup urine odor?

Answer 19

maple syrup urine disease

Question 20

when urea is metabolized by bacteria, it gives what kind of odor?

Answer 20

ammonia odor

Question 21

sweaty or fruity odor urine

Answer 21

ketone bodies (diabetic ketosis)

Question 22

what is the normal specific gravity of urine?

Answer 22

1.003 to 1.035
with average SG falling between 1.015 - 1.025

Question 23

identify the protein section of urine reagent strip that is most sensitive to:

Answer 23

albumin

Question 24

what is the most frequent parasite encountered in urine?

a. Enterobius vermicularis
b. Giardia lamblia
c. Schistosoma haematobium
d. Trichomonas vaginalis

Answer 24

d