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Microbiology I > Clinical Microbiology — SCT II [Vol. 2] > Flashcards

Clinical Microbiology — SCT II [Vol. 2] Flashcards

1
Q

What kind of immunity develops after Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection?

A

Partial immunity of short duration; no protection from reinfection

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2
Q

Specify at least 2 of the most important manifestations of disseminated gonorrhoeal infections

A
  1. Arthritis
  2. Skin lesion
  3. Endocarditis
  4. Meningitis
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3
Q

What is the major manifestations of Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection in newborns? How can it be prevented?

A

Blenorrhoea (opthalmia) neonatorum; silver acetate eye drops or erythromycin ointment

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4
Q

Mention at least 3 major virulence factors of Neisseria gonorrhoeae

A
  1. Pilus
  2. Outer membrane proteins
  3. LOS (Lipooligosaccharide)
  4. IgA protease
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5
Q

Mention at least 2 major virulence factors Neisseria meningitidis

A
  1. Polysaccharide capsule
  2. LOS (Lipooligosaccharide)
  3. IgA protease
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6
Q

What is the site of entry of Neisseria meningitidis infection? Which diseases are caused by this bacterium?

A

The site of entry is the nasopharynx (transmitted by airborne droplets).
Meningococcemia and acute (purulent) bacterial meningitis

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7
Q

What kinds of prophylactic measures are available against diseases caused by Neisseria meningitidis?

A

Chemoprophylaxis: rifampin or ciprofloxacin
Vaccination: Capsular polysaccharide (types A, C, Y and W135).
Vaccine against type B: Contains different recombinant proteins

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8
Q

Which rapid diagnostic methods can be used in the presumptive diagnosis of purulent bacterial meningitis?

A
  1. Gram or methylene blue stain of CSF sediment
  2. Demonstration of bacterial capsular antigens by latex agglutination (from CSF)
  3. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
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9
Q

What does the vaccine against Haemophilus influenzae contain?

A

Type B capsular polysaccharide conjugated to a carrier protein

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10
Q

Which are the portals of entry of Bacillus anthracis?

A
  1. Skin
  2. Lungs
  3. Gastrointestinal tract
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11
Q

Mention 3 important bacteria involved in nosocomial (hospital-acquired) infections

A
  1. Staphylococcus aureus
  2. Enterococcus faecalis
  3. Pseudomonas aeruginosa
  4. Eschericia coli
  5. Clostridioides difficile
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12
Q

Mention four E. coli pathogenic groups involved in enteric diseases

A
  1. Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC)
  2. Enterotoxic E. coli (ETEC)
  3. Enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC)
  4. Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC)
  5. Enteroaggregative E. coli (EAggEC)
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13
Q

What are the most important extraintestinal infections caused by E. coli? Mention at least 3 of them

A
  1. Urinary tract infections
  2. Neonatal meningitis
  3. Nosocomial wound infections
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14
Q

The most frequent causative agent of urinary tract infections is:

A

Escherichia coli

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15
Q

Which 2 diseases are caused by E. coli O157:H7?

A

Hemorrhagic colitis +/- HUS (hemolytic uraemic syndrome)

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16
Q

What is the reservoir of Salmonella typhi?

A

Humans (with disease, or healthy carriers)

17
Q

Which bacteria cause most frequently typhoid fever and enteric fever, respectively?

A

Salmenoella Typhi (typhoid)
Salmonella Paratyphi A, B, C (enteric fever)

18
Q

When typhoid fever is suspected, what kinds of clinical samples should be used to isolate the causative agent in the first 2 weeks of the disease?

A

Blood, bone marrow

19
Q

What is the route of infection in Salmonella gastroenteritis?

A

Ingestion of contaminated food (such as eggs, cream, mayonnaise, creamed foods, etc.) containing a sufficient number of Salmonella.

20
Q

Which antibacterial drugs should be administered in gastroenteritis caused by salmonella

A

Antibiotics are usually contraindicated unless the infection is generalized.

In case of extraintestinal infection (very young, very old or immunosuppressed patients):
1. Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole
2. Ceftriaxone
3. Ciprofloxacin

21
Q

List the 4 Shigella species causing human disease

A
  1. Shigella dysenteriae
  2. S. flexneri
  3. S. boydii
  4. S. sonnei
22
Q

Mention 2 bacterial species belonging to different genera that cause bacillary dysentery

A
  1. Shigella dysenteriae
  2. Shigella flexneri
  3. Shigella boydii
  4. Shigella sonnei
  5. Enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC)
23
Q

Mention 3 bacterial species belonging to different genera that cause enteritis or enterocolitis

A
  1. Campylobacter jejuni
  2. Escherichia coli
  3. Salmonella enteritidis
  4. Shigella
  5. Yersinia enterocolitica
24
Q

Mention 2 bacteria causing intestinal infections which have animal reservoirs

A
  1. Salmonella (not Typhi and Paratyphi!)
  2. Campylobacter jejuni
  3. Yersinia enterocolitica
  4. Listeria monocytogenes
  5. E. coli O157
25
Q

What are the modes of transmission of the 2 different forms of plague?

A

Bubonic Plague: transmitted by the bite of infected rat fleas from rats to humans

Primary pneumonic plague: spreads directly from human to human via respiratory droplets

Microbiology I (8 decks)

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