Clinical manifestations of electrolyte imbalance

Question 1

isotonic dehydration

Answer 1

equal loss of fluid and electrolytes

Question 2

hypotonic dehydration

Answer 2

loss of more electrolytes than water

Question 3

hypertonic dehydration

Answer 3

loss of more water than electrolytes

Question 4

edema

Answer 4

accumultation of fluid within interstital spaces. localized or generalized.

Question 5

hyponatremia

Answer 5

low sodium. diuretics can cause na loss from blood vessels which leads to water retention. associated with edema chf, cirrhosis,

Question 6

hyponatremia test results

Answer 6

sodium levels <135 mEq/l (low sodium)

Question 7

Hypernatremia

Answer 7

excess sodium. dry, agitation, edema, weight loss

Question 8

hypokalemia

Answer 8

k levels <3.5 mEq. muscle weakness, cramping and paralysis,

Question 9

hyperkalemia

Answer 9

k levels> 5 mEq/L. muscle weakness, hypotension, cramping, diarrhea.

Question 10

hyperchloremia

Answer 10

excess chloride. Rarely produces symptoms. metabolic acidosiss (decrease levels of conscious breathing.)