Clinical Manifestations / Complications Flashcards
Benign characteristics
No infiltration or metastasis
Slow and local
Death and tissue damage rare
Malignant characteristics
Invades and metastasizes via blood and lymph
Variable growth rate
Generalized effects
Death and tissue damage
Warning signs of cancer
Change in bowel and bladder
Sore throat that doesn’t heal
Unusual bleeding or discharge
Lump
Indigestion and dysphagia
Obvious change in wart or mole
Nagging cough or hoarseness
Radiation side effects
Local- dermatitis, alopecia, xerostomia
Systemic- fatigue, malaise, anorexia, dysphagia, incontinence, cognitive, sexual dysfunction
Tissue complications with cancer
Stomatitis
Radiation dermatitis
Alopecia
Malignant foul smelling skin legions
Complications with cancer
Stomatitis
Radiation dermatitis
Alopecia
Malignant foul smelling skin legions
Pain and fatigue
Decreased body self image
Low WBC/neutropenia/infection
Septic shock
Bleeding and hemorrhage due to thrombocytopenia due to marrow suppression
Breast cancer
Upper outer quadrant
Non tender, fixed, hard
Dimples, nipple retraction, ulceration
Osteoarthritis
Pain
Stiff
Functional impairment
Morning stiffness
Insidious and progressive
Complications from total hip arthroplasty
Bleeding
Dislocation
VTE
Infection
Heel pressure injury
Heterotrophic ossification (abnormal bone formation)
Osteomalacia
Bowing bones
Pain
Tenderness
Paget
Deformed
Pain
Tender
Warmth over bones
Osteomyelitis
Inflammation, necrosis, new bone formation
Infection
Pain
Edema
Erythema
Fever
Drainage
Superinfection from abx therapy
Septic arthritis
Warm
Pain
Edema
Low ROM
Chills, fever, high WBC sometimes
Usually knee or hip
Contusion
Pain
Swell
Ecchymosis
Strain
Pain
Edema
Spasm
Ecchymosis
Lost ROM
Sprain
Pain
Edema
Tender
Major dislocation complication
Avascular necrosis
Dislocation
Pain
Change in contour, axis, and length
Lost mobility
Fracture
Pain
Loss of function
Deformity
Shortened extremity
Crepitus
Swelling
Discoloration
Early complications of fractures
Shock
Fat embolism - hypoxemia, neurological compromise, petechial rash
Compartment syndrome
Rhabdomyolysis
VTE and PE
Delayed complications of fractures
Delayed union
Malunion
Non union
Avascular necrosis
Complex regional pain syndrome
Heterotopic ossification
Hip fracture complications
Hemorrhage
Peripheral neuro vascular dysfunction
VTE
Pulmonary complications
Skin breakdown
Loss of bladder control
Infection
Malunion
AVN
Amputation complications
Hemorrhage
Infection
Skin breakdown
Phantom limb
Joint contracture
Increased ICP - early
LOC
Eyes
Unilateral weakness
HA
Increased ICP - late
Respiratory
Cushing triad (HTN, low HR, low RR)
Projectile vom
Loss of brain stem reflexes
Complications of status epilepticus
Brain anoxia
Respiratory arrest
Ischemic stroke
Numb at one side
Confusion
Trouble speaking or understanding
Loss of balance and coordination
Dizzy
HA
Perceptual disturbances
Hemorrhagic stroke
Similar to ischemic
HA
LOC
Vom
Bleeding
Hemorrhagic stroke complications
Vasospasm 7-8 days later
Seizure
Hydrocephalus
Rebleeding
Hyponatremia and SIADH
Also: ICP, cerebral hypoxia, decreased cerebral perfusion
Fat embolism syndrome
Dyspnea
Chest pain
Hypoxia
Febrile
Tachycardia
Tachypnea
Classic triad: hypoxemia, neuro compromise, petechial rash
Chemo/cancer complications in hospital
Neutropenic (nadir)
Thrombocytopenia
Septic shock
Embolism
Altered LOC complications
Respiratory distress
PNA
Aspiration
Pressure ulcer
DVT
Contracture
Temperature and fluid
Bowel and bladder
Increased ICP complications
Brainstem herniation
DI
SIADH
Cranial surgery complications
Increased ICP
Bleeding and shock
Fluid and electrolytes
Infection
CSF leak
Seizures
Avascular necrosis (AVN)
Death from decreased blood supply
Pain
Skull fracture
Bleeding from nose, pharynx, and ears
Bruising behind ears (and eyes)
CSF leak
Localized pain
Epidural hematoma
Brief LOC, lucid, then LOC
Concussion
Difficulty awakening
Lethargy
Dizzy
Confusion
Irritability
Anxiety
Difficulty speaking and moving
Vom
Complications of SCI that lead to death
PNA
PE
Sepsis
Meningitis
HA
Fever
Altered LOC
Behavioral changes
Stiff neck
Kernig and Brudzinski
Photophobia
Brain abscess
HA that’s worse in AM
Fever
Vom
Neuro
Ss increase LOC
Encephalitis
HA
Fever
Confusion
Hallucinations
Rash
Flaccid paralysis
Parkinson’s like movements
MS
Relapsing and remitting
Fatigue
Weak
Numb
Poor coordination and balance
Pain
Visual
Myasthenia gravis
Diplopia and ptosis
Weak facial: impaired swallow and voice
Generalized weakness
GBS
Respiratory failure
ANS and CV dysfunction
Weak
Paralysis
Paresthesia
Pain
Low reflexes
Starts lower and works up
CN changes
DVT, PE
Retention
Acoustic neuroma
Loss of hearing
Tinnitus
Vertigo
Brain tumors
Increased ICP
HA
Vom
Visual
Seizure
Parkinson’s
Tremor
Rigidity
Bradykinesia
Postural instability
Sweat, drool, flushing, ortho hypo, retention
Dysphagia
Psych changes
ALS
Progressive weakness
Atrophy
Cramps
Twitching
Lack of coordination
Spasticity, overactive reflexes
Difficulty speaking, swallowing, breathing
Post polio syndrome
Pain
Weak
Fatigue
Complications with secondary bone tumor
Delayed wound healing, infection, hypercalcemia
Chemo side effects
GI (NV and anorexia)
Alopecia
Stomatitis
Decreased marrow (low WBC, neutropenic/nadir, RBC, and platelets)
Kidney damage
Cardiopulmonary damage
Reproductive (infertility)
Neurologic and cognitive impairment
Fatigue
Compartment syndrome
Pain not relieved by analgesics
Numbness
Tingling
Edema
(Assess the 5 Ps)
