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Block 2 Exam 4 > Clinical Manifestations / Complications > Flashcards

Clinical Manifestations / Complications Flashcards

1
Q

Benign characteristics

A

No infiltration or metastasis
Slow and local
Death and tissue damage rare

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2
Q

Malignant characteristics

A

Invades and metastasizes via blood and lymph
Variable growth rate
Generalized effects
Death and tissue damage

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3
Q

Warning signs of cancer

A

Change in bowel and bladder
Sore throat that doesn’t heal
Unusual bleeding or discharge
Lump
Indigestion and dysphagia
Obvious change in wart or mole
Nagging cough or hoarseness

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4
Q

Radiation side effects

A

Local- dermatitis, alopecia, xerostomia

Systemic- fatigue, malaise, anorexia, dysphagia, incontinence, cognitive, sexual dysfunction

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5
Q

Tissue complications with cancer

A

Stomatitis
Radiation dermatitis
Alopecia
Malignant foul smelling skin legions

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6
Q

Complications with cancer

A

Stomatitis
Radiation dermatitis
Alopecia
Malignant foul smelling skin legions
Pain and fatigue
Decreased body self image
Low WBC/neutropenia/infection
Septic shock
Bleeding and hemorrhage due to thrombocytopenia due to marrow suppression

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7
Q

Breast cancer

A

Upper outer quadrant
Non tender, fixed, hard
Dimples, nipple retraction, ulceration

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8
Q

Osteoarthritis

A

Pain
Stiff
Functional impairment
Morning stiffness
Insidious and progressive

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9
Q

Complications from total hip arthroplasty

A

Bleeding
Dislocation
VTE
Infection
Heel pressure injury
Heterotrophic ossification (abnormal bone formation)

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10
Q

Osteomalacia

A

Bowing bones
Pain
Tenderness

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11
Q

Paget

A

Deformed
Pain
Tender
Warmth over bones

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12
Q

Osteomyelitis

A

Inflammation, necrosis, new bone formation
Infection
Pain
Edema
Erythema
Fever
Drainage
Superinfection from abx therapy

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13
Q

Septic arthritis

A

Warm
Pain
Edema
Low ROM
Chills, fever, high WBC sometimes
Usually knee or hip

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14
Q

Contusion

A

Pain
Swell
Ecchymosis

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15
Q

Strain

A

Pain
Edema
Spasm
Ecchymosis
Lost ROM

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16
Q

Sprain

A

Pain
Edema
Tender

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17
Q

Major dislocation complication

A

Avascular necrosis

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18
Q

Dislocation

A

Pain
Change in contour, axis, and length
Lost mobility

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19
Q

Fracture

A

Pain
Loss of function
Deformity
Shortened extremity
Crepitus
Swelling
Discoloration

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20
Q

Early complications of fractures

A

Shock
Fat embolism - hypoxemia, neurological compromise, petechial rash
Compartment syndrome
Rhabdomyolysis
VTE and PE

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21
Q

Delayed complications of fractures

A

Delayed union
Malunion
Non union
Avascular necrosis
Complex regional pain syndrome
Heterotopic ossification

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22
Q

Hip fracture complications

A

Hemorrhage
Peripheral neuro vascular dysfunction
VTE
Pulmonary complications
Skin breakdown
Loss of bladder control
Infection
Malunion
AVN

23
Q

Amputation complications

A

Hemorrhage
Infection
Skin breakdown
Phantom limb
Joint contracture

24
Q

Increased ICP - early

A

LOC
Eyes
Unilateral weakness
HA

25
Q

Increased ICP - late

A

Respiratory
Cushing triad (HTN, low HR, low RR)
Projectile vom
Loss of brain stem reflexes

26
Q

Complications of status epilepticus

A

Brain anoxia
Respiratory arrest

27
Q

Ischemic stroke

A

Numb at one side
Confusion
Trouble speaking or understanding
Loss of balance and coordination
Dizzy
HA
Perceptual disturbances

28
Q

Hemorrhagic stroke

A

Similar to ischemic
HA
LOC
Vom
Bleeding

29
Q

Hemorrhagic stroke complications

A

Vasospasm 7-8 days later
Seizure
Hydrocephalus
Rebleeding
Hyponatremia and SIADH

Also: ICP, cerebral hypoxia, decreased cerebral perfusion

30
Q

Fat embolism syndrome

A

Dyspnea
Chest pain
Hypoxia
Febrile
Tachycardia
Tachypnea

Classic triad: hypoxemia, neuro compromise, petechial rash

31
Q

Chemo/cancer complications in hospital

A

Neutropenic (nadir)
Thrombocytopenia
Septic shock
Embolism

32
Q

Altered LOC complications

A

Respiratory distress
PNA
Aspiration
Pressure ulcer
DVT
Contracture
Temperature and fluid
Bowel and bladder

33
Q

Increased ICP complications

A

Brainstem herniation
DI
SIADH

34
Q

Cranial surgery complications

A

Increased ICP
Bleeding and shock
Fluid and electrolytes
Infection
CSF leak
Seizures

35
Q

Avascular necrosis (AVN)

A

Death from decreased blood supply
Pain

36
Q

Skull fracture

A

Bleeding from nose, pharynx, and ears
Bruising behind ears (and eyes)
CSF leak
Localized pain

37
Q

Epidural hematoma

A

Brief LOC, lucid, then LOC

38
Q

Concussion

A

Difficulty awakening
Lethargy
Dizzy
Confusion
Irritability
Anxiety
Difficulty speaking and moving
Vom

39
Q

Complications of SCI that lead to death

A

PNA
PE
Sepsis

40
Q

Meningitis

A

HA
Fever
Altered LOC
Behavioral changes
Stiff neck
Kernig and Brudzinski
Photophobia

41
Q

Brain abscess

A

HA that’s worse in AM
Fever
Vom
Neuro
Ss increase LOC

42
Q

Encephalitis

A

HA
Fever
Confusion
Hallucinations
Rash
Flaccid paralysis
Parkinson’s like movements

43
Q

MS

A

Relapsing and remitting
Fatigue
Weak
Numb
Poor coordination and balance
Pain
Visual

44
Q

Myasthenia gravis

A

Diplopia and ptosis
Weak facial: impaired swallow and voice
Generalized weakness

45
Q

GBS

A

Respiratory failure
ANS and CV dysfunction
Weak
Paralysis
Paresthesia
Pain
Low reflexes
Starts lower and works up
CN changes
DVT, PE
Retention

46
Q

Acoustic neuroma

A

Loss of hearing
Tinnitus
Vertigo

47
Q

Brain tumors

A

Increased ICP
HA
Vom
Visual
Seizure

48
Q

Parkinson’s

A

Tremor
Rigidity
Bradykinesia
Postural instability
Sweat, drool, flushing, ortho hypo, retention
Dysphagia
Psych changes

49
Q

ALS

A

Progressive weakness
Atrophy
Cramps
Twitching
Lack of coordination
Spasticity, overactive reflexes
Difficulty speaking, swallowing, breathing

50
Q

Post polio syndrome

A

Pain
Weak
Fatigue

51
Q

Complications with secondary bone tumor

A

Delayed wound healing, infection, hypercalcemia

52
Q

Chemo side effects

A

GI (NV and anorexia)
Alopecia
Stomatitis
Decreased marrow (low WBC, neutropenic/nadir, RBC, and platelets)
Kidney damage
Cardiopulmonary damage
Reproductive (infertility)
Neurologic and cognitive impairment
Fatigue

53
Q

Compartment syndrome

A

Pain not relieved by analgesics
Numbness
Tingling
Edema
(Assess the 5 Ps)

Block 2 Exam 4 (6 decks)

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