Clinical Intervention with Specific Populations Flashcards
Cultural Encapsulation
Refers to the tendency of therapists and counselors to interpret everyone’s reality through their own cultural assumptions and stereotypes
Medicaid
Social security program providing medical and health related services for individuals and families with low incomes Through direct payment to suppliers of the program. Low income is only one test for Medicaid eligibility; assets and resources also are tested against established thresholds determined by each state (i.e., means testing). Within federal guidelines, states have discretion in determining which groups their Medicaid programs will cover and the financial criteria for eligibility. States must cover categorically needy individuals, however, which usually includes recipients of SSI and families with dependent children receiving cash assistance, as well as other mandatory low-income groups such as pregnant women, infants, and children with incomes less than a specified percent of the federal poverty level. States must also cover certain low-income Medicare beneficiaries
Social Class
A social category of persons based on wealth, status, power, educational attainment and background
Absolute Poverty
The possession of meager income and assets so that the person cannot maintain a subsistence level of income
Cultural Paranoia
Term used to describe appropriate mistrust and suspiciousness of African-Americans toward whites resulting from racism and oppression. In therapy, may be a cause of nondisclosure
Medicare
Social security program proceeding health care benefits (health insurance coverage) to most people over age 64 (i.e., those who are eligible for monthly social security benefits and are U.S. citizens or permanent residents of the U.S. who have lived in the U.S. for at least five years); to some people with disabilities under age 65; and to people of all ages with end-stage renal disease (permanent kidney failure treated with dialysis or a transplant). Part A of Medicare is a compulsory Hospital Insurance (HI) program, and Part B is a voluntary program of Supplementary Medical Insurance (SMI). Part A covers inpatient hospital services, care in skilled nursing facilities, home health services, and hospice care
Socioeconomic Class (or Status; SES)
Categorization of groups of people according to level of income or education, value orientation, location of residence, etc. (e.g., upper, middle, and working classes)
Aids Dementia Complex
One of the most common neurological complications of HIV disease. Produces behavioral changes and diminished mental functioning. In the DSM-5, is called neurocognitive disorder due to HIV disease
High-Context Vs. Low-Context Communication
Refers to different communication styles exhibited by different cultural groups. Members of many culturally diverse groups in America exhibit high-context communication, which relies on shared cultural understanding and nonverbal cues. In contrast, Anglos are more likely to exhibit low-context communication, which relies primarily on the verbal message
Reasonable Accommodation (Americans with Disabilities Act)
Under the Americans with Disabilities Act, a qualified person with a disability’ is someone with a disability who, with or without “reasonable accommodation” can perform the essential functions of the job he holds or has applied for. Reasonable accommodation involves, among other things, making existing workplace facilities readily accessible to and usable by the person with a disability and the acquisition or modification of needed equipment
Therapist-Client Matching
Research on therapist-client matching in terms of race, ethnicity, or culture has shown that it increases the duration of treatment but does not have consistent effects on other therapy outcomes
Americans with Disabilities Act
Legislation that requires companies with 25 or more employees to avoid using procedures that discriminate against people with physical or mental disabilities and, when a disabled person is able to perform the essential functions of a job, to consider the person qualified and to make reasonable accommodations
Hospice Care
An interdisciplinary approach to caring for individuals with terminal illness when recovery is unlikely (most hospices accept patients who have a life expectancy of six months or less and are referred by their personal physician). Care may be provided in the individual’s home, a nursing home, or a hospice unit in a hospital or community agency. Hospice care integrates medical, psychological, and social approaches. It emphasizes quality of life; holistic approaches to pain control (psychological and spiritual pain0; palliative care (specialized care when curative treatments are no longer available); and the involvement of family and others in caring for the patient. Hospice programs also support caregivers by offering convalescent and respite care
Relative Poverty
An individual’s standard of living is well below that of the mainstream community but higher than the subsistence level. See also absolute poverty
Victim Blaming
The notion that a person is responsible at least to some extent, for being harmed, disadvantaged, etc. (e.g., believing that a poor person is too lazy to work)