Clinical Informatics Board Review (Mankowitz)

Question 1

Equation for RRR

Answer 1

ARR / Risk in Control Group

Question 2

What is process mining?

Answer 2

Method of workflow analysis involving review of event log of an information system to see how various tasks are carried out.

Question 3

What is a value stream map and when is it used?

Answer 3

• AKA end-to-end system map
• Shows all inputs, throughputs and outputs of a process
• Helps identify waste

Question 4

Difference between bit vs byte vs hexadecimal vs kilobyte vs megabyte

Answer 4

• Bit = binary digit
• Byte = 8 bits
• Hexadecimal = base 16
  8 bits can be represented as 2-digit hex number
• Kilobyte = 1024 bytes
• Megabyte = 1024 kilobytes

Question 5

Difference between FORTRAN and BASIC

Answer 5

FORTRAN
- Compiled language that needs to be passed through complier to convert source code to machine code.
- ENTIRE PROGRAM needs to be complete before comiler can begin.

BASIC
- Interpreted language that is passed through an interpreter
- Each line of program can be translated

Question 6

What does a control structure refer to in programming?

Answer 6

Linguistic mechanisms that programmers use to tell a computer what to do (e.g. if/then/else block)

Question 7

What does a loop refer to in programming?

Answer 7

Executes code over and over until a certain condition is met (e.g. for/next loop, while loop)

Iteration = each time the loop is run

Question 8

4 parts of the cycle in Spiral Model of software depvelopment

Answer 8

1. Analysis
2. Evaluation
3. Development
4. Planning

Question 9

What is rapid application development (RAD)

Answer 9

• Like spiral, attempts to reduce project risk by breaking project into smaller chunks
• Adheres to strict timelines (timeboxes). If there are delays, requirements are reduced to fit the timebox.

Question 10

Difference between slicing and dicing

Answer 10

Slicing = looking at subsection of data when ONE of the dimensions is held constant

Dicing = looking at subsection of data when >1 dimensions are held constant

Question 11

What is an OLAP cube

Answer 11

Online analytic processing (OLAP) cube is used to gather business intelligence

Question 12

2 types of firewalls

Answer 12

1. Packet filter - inspects packet to ensure it is coming from an acceptable source but does not inspect the contents of the packet
2. Stateful inspection - inspects source + content of the packet. Bidirectional so helps prevent users from disseminating PHI

Question 13

What is Network Address Translation

Answer 13

Process by which computers in a private network are able to share a public-facing address without divulging their local address. Usually done by router, but many firewalls also incorporate this functionality.

Question 14

What is tinyint in SQL?

Answer 14

Whole number between -127 and +129

2^8 (256) possibilities –> can be stored in 8 bites (one byte)

Question 15

What is unsigned int in SQL?

Answer 15

Whole numbers between 0 and 4,294,967,295 –> 2^32 different possibilities –> requires 4 bytes

Question 16

Terms for each component of floating point numbers

Answer 16

Ex) 3.5015 x 10^2

3.5015 = mantissa/significand
10 = base
2 = exponent

Question 17

What is the goal and 3 stages of data mining

Answer 17

Goal: Look for patterns or relationships among different variables and work backward to see if causation exists

1. Exploration
2. Model building
3. Deployment

Question 18

2 ways to meet HIPAA Privacy Rule

Answer 18

1. Expert determination method - standard met when expert deems that risk of identifying an individual is very small based on population as a whole and availability of public databases
2. Safe Harbor method (MORE COMMON) - data considered de-identifid when all 18 identifiers are removed

Question 19

What is A/B testing

Answer 19

User testing that involves prototyping 2 different interfaces for the same task or series of tasks.

Participants randomly assigned to A or B prototype and usability testing team records outcomes for each.

Question 20

What is BATNA

Answer 20

Best Alternative To a Negotiated Agreement = fallback options when negotiating

Question 21

Pruitt’s model of conflict management

Answer 21

Stratified by degree of assertiveness and cooperativeness

• Problem Solving (we both win)
• Yielding (I lose - you win)
• Contending (I win - you lose)
• Inaction (we both lose)

Question 22

Rahim’s model of conflict management

Answer 22

• Integrating (we both win)
• Obliging (I lose - you win)
• Dominating (I win - you lose)
• Avoiding (we both lose)

Question 23

What does satisficing refer to in decision making?

Answer 23

Research is conducted only until an acceptability threshold is met. Less information needed to make decision compared to maximizer.

Question 24

Kotter’s 8 steps to manage change

Answer 24

1. Create a sense of urgency
2. Create a guiding coalition
3. Develop a vision and strategy
4. Communicate the vision
5. Empower employees
6. Generate short term wins
7. Consolidate gains to produce more change
8. Institutionalize new approaches