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FST Flashcards > Clinical: Imaging Basics > Flashcards

Clinical: Imaging Basics Flashcards

Review of basic imaging as it relates to the mild Procedure

1
Q

What anatomical plane divides the body into anterior and posterior parts?

A

Coronal plane

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2
Q

What anatomical plane divides the body into superior and inferior parts?

A

Transverse plane

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3
Q

What anatomical plane divides the body into left and right parts?

A

Sagittal plane

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4
Q

What anatomical directional term refers to being further from the point of origin?

A

Distal

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5
Q

What anatomical directional term refers to being closer to the point of origin?

A

Proximal

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6
Q

What anatomical directional term refers to being further from a true sagittal?

A

Lateral

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7
Q

What anatomical directional term refers to being closer to a true sagittal?

A

Medial

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8
Q

What anatomical directional term refers to being closer to the head or further from the “tail”?

A

Cranial

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9
Q

What anatomical directional term refers to being further from the head or closer to the “tail”?

A

Caudal

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10
Q

What anatomical directional term refers to being further from the head or closer to the feet?

A

Inferior

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11
Q

What anatomical directional term refers to being closer to the head or further from the feet?

A

Superior

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12
Q

Anatomical plane(s) similar to the sagittal plane include:

A
  • Lateral plane (divides the body or any of its parts into right and left sides; aka sagittal plane)
  • Median plane (passing through midline; aka midsagittal plane)
  • Parasagittal plane (alongside or parallel to the midsagittal plane, but not passing through the midline)
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13
Q

Anatomical plane(s) similar to the coronal plane include:

A
  • Frontal plane (divides the body or any of its parts into anterior and posterior portions; aka coronal plane)
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14
Q

Anatomical plane(s) similar to the transverse plane include:

A
  • Axial plane (divides the body or any of its parts into upper and lower parts; aka transverse plane)
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15
Q

What is the difference between radiography and fluoroscopy?

A
  • Radiography uses gamma rays to develop a static image of the internal structure of a body (aka static X-ray)
  • Fluoroscopy obtains moving images of the inner part of the body; when an X-ray beam is used for live “video” format
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16
Q

Locate the 12th rib in this AP, X-Ray (anteroposterior, radiograph)

A

12th rib

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17
Q

Locate the pedicles in this AP, X-Ray (anteroposterior, radiograph)

A

Pedicles

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18
Q

Locate the spinous processes in this AP, X-Ray (anteroposterior, radiograph)

A

Spinous processes

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19
Q

Locate the transverse processes in this AP, X-Ray (anteroposterior, radiograph)

A

Transverse processes

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20
Q

Locate the pars interarticularis (aka pars) in this AP, X-Ray (anteroposterior, radiograph)

A

Pars interarticularis (aka pars)

Part of the vertebra located between the superior and inferior articular processes

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21
Q

Locate the inferior articulating processes in this AP, X-Ray (anteroposterior, radiograph)

A

Inferior articulating processes

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22
Q

Locate the superior articulating processes in this AP, X-Ray (anteroposterior, radiograph)

A

Superior articulating processes

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23
Q

Locate the facet joint space in this AP, X-Ray (anteroposterior, radiograph)

A

Facet joint space

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24
Q

Locate the interlaminar space in this AP, X-Ray (anteroposterior, radiograph)

A

Interlaminar space

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25
Q

Locate the pedicles in this Lateral, X-Ray (radiograph)

26
Q

Locate the spinous processes in this Lateral, X-Ray (radiograph)

A

Spinous processes

27
Q

Locate the vertebral bodies in this Lateral, X-Ray (radiograph)

A

Vertebral bodies

28
Q

Locate the superior articulating processes in this Lateral, X-Ray (radiograph)

A

Superior articulating processes

29
Q

Locate the inferior articulating processes in this Lateral, X-Ray (radiograph)

A

Inferior articulating processes

30
Q

Locate the facet joint space in this Lateral, X-Ray (radiograph)

A

Facet joint space

31
Q

Locate the disc space in this Lateral, X-Ray (radiograph)

A

Disc space

32
Q

Locate the sacrum (1st segment) in this Lateral, X-Ray (radiograph)

A

Sacrum (1st segment)

33
Q

Locate the pars interarticularis (aka pars) in this Lateral, X-Ray (radiograph)

A

Pars interarticularis (aka pars)

34
Q

What 2 imaging tools are typically used to verify hypertrophic ligamentum flavum (HLF) in symptomatic lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) patients?

A
  • Computerized tomography (CT) - can be used if an MRI is contraindicated (i.e., metal implants)
  • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) - provides best images of soft tissues (i.e., ligamentum flavum)
35
Q

What is a CT scan (or CAT scan)?

A

CT scans combine series of X-ray images taken from different angles around the body and uses computer processing to create cross-sectional images (slices) of the bones, blood vessels and soft tissues inside the body

36
Q

Describe the following image:

A

Coronal CT

(moving from anterior to posterior)

37
Q

What area is highlighted on this coronal CT?

A

Vertebral body

38
Q

What area is highlighted on this coronal CT?

A

Transverse processes

39
Q

What area is highlighted on this coronal CT?

40
Q

Describe the following image:

A

Sagittal CT

(moving from medial to lateral)

41
Q

What area is highlighted on this sagittal CT?

A

Disc space

42
Q

What area is highlighted on this sagittal CT?

43
Q

What area is highlighted on this sagittal CT?

A

Spinous processes

44
Q

Describe the following image:

A

Axial CT

(moving from superior to inferior)

45
Q

What area is highlighted on this axial CT?

A

Vertebral body

46
Q

What area is highlighted on this axial CT?

A

Facet joints

(articulation of superior and inferior facet surfaces)

47
Q

What area is highlighted on this axial CT?

48
Q

What is an MRI?

A

MRIs use magnets and radio waves to create pictures of the structures that make up the spine, the spinal cord, and the spaces between the vertebrae, through which the nerves travel

49
Q

What are the 2 most common types of magnetic resonance images (MRIs)?

A
  • T1-Weighted MRI: fluid shows up black / dark
  • T2-Weighted MRI: fluid shows up white / bright
50
Q

Describe the following image:

A

T1 Sagittal MRI

51
Q

Describe the following image:

A

T2 Sagittal MRI

52
Q

Describe the following image:

A

T2 Axial MRI

53
Q

What is highlighted in this T2 Axial MRI of the lumbar spine?

A

Compressed thecal sac

54
Q

What is highlighted in this T2 Axial MRI of the lumbar spine?

A

Hypertrophic facets

55
Q

What is highlighted in this T2 Axial MRI of the lumbar spine?

A

Hypertrophic ligamentum flavum (HLF)

56
Q

What should you be looking for in a sagittal MRI?

A
  • Level(s) of stenosis
  • Listhesis (possible spinal instability)
  • Epidural lipomatosis
  • Prior surgery
  • Other spinal abnormalities
57
Q

What should you be looking for in a parasagittal MRI?

A
  • Laminar shelves visible
  • Space / access between laminar shelves
58
Q

What should you be looking for in an axial MRI?

A
  • HLF thickness
  • Unilateral or bilateral decompression needed (based on symptomology)
59
Q

What are some examples of myelographically compatible contrasts that are safe for intrathecal use?

A
  • Omnipaque 180
  • Omnipaque 240
  • Omnipaque 300
  • Isovue M 200
  • Isovue M 300
60
Q

What contrast is not recommended for intrathecal use due to potential adverse reactions?

A

Gadolinium / Magnevist

FST Flashcards (8 decks)

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