Clinical Governance

Question 1

What is the definition of clinical governance?

Answer 1

A systematic approach to maintaining and improving the quality of patient care within a health system

Question 2

What are the dimensions of healthcare quality?

Answer 2

Person-centred
Safe
Effective
Efficient
Equitable
Timely

Question 3

What is person-centred in dimensions of healthcare quality?

Answer 3

Partnership between patient, families and those delivering healthcare which respects individual needs and values and demonstrates compassion, continuity, clear communication and shared decision-making

Question 4

What is safe in dimensions of healthcare quality?

Answer 4

No avoidable injury or harm from healthcare
Appropriate, clean and safe environment provided for delivery of healthcare services

Question 5

What is timely in dimensions of healthcare quality?

Answer 5

Appropriate treatment, support and services provided at the right time for everyone

Question 6

What are the factors that contribute to adverse events?

Answer 6

Human factors such as team work, communication, stress and burnout
Structural factors such as reporting systems, infrastructure, workforce loads and the environment
Clinical factors such as complexity of care and length of stay

Question 7

What are the components of clinical governance?

Answer 7

Education & training
Clinical audit
Clinical effectiveness
Research and development
Openness
Risk management

Question 8

How can the dimensions of healthcare quality be delivered?

Answer 8

Setting quality standards
Delivering quality standards
Monitoring quality standards

Question 9

What is the aim of clinical guidelines?

Answer 9

To improve the quality of healthcare

Question 10

What is the strongest evidence level used to the weakest evidence level used for studies?

Answer 10

1. Meta-analyses & systematic reviews
2. Randomised controlled trials
3. Cohort studies
4. Case-control studies
5. Cross sectional studies
6. Case reports/opinion papers and letters

Question 11

What is the mandatory CPD that has to be undertaken?

Answer 11

100 hours verifiable CPD within a 5 year cycle
At least 10 hours verifiable across 2 consecutive years
Verifiable means that they have concise aims and objectives

Question 12

How many hours CPD for medical emergencies should you do in every cycle?

Answer 12

At least 10 hours
2 hours every year

Question 13

How many hours CPD for disinfection and decontamination should you do in every cycle?

Answer 13

At least 5 hours

Question 14

How many hours CPD for radiography and radiation protection should you do in every cycle?

Answer 14

At least 5 hours

Question 15

What is a clinical audit?

Answer 15

Process that has been defined as ‘a quality improvement process that seeks to improve patient care and outcomes through systematic review of care against explicit criteria and the implementation of change

Question 16

What are the steps involved in a clinical audit cycle?

Answer 16

1. identify problem or issue
2. set criteria and standards
3. observe practice/data collection
4. compare performance with criteria & standards
5. Implement change

Question 17

What are the different formats of CPD?

Answer 17

Courses and lectures
Training days
Peer review
Clinical audit
Reading journals
Attending conferences
E-learning activity

Question 18

What is a peer review?

Answer 18

Peer review provides an opportunity for groups of dentists to get together to review aspects of practice
The aim is to share experiences and identify areas in which changes can be made with the objective of improving the quality of care/service offered to patients, share learning and implement change

Question 19

What is the Scottish Dental Reference Service (SDRS) function?

Answer 19

To monitor quality and probity of dental treatment by reviewing a sample of patients each year