Clinical Features of Schizophrenia Flashcards
Describe the clinical presentation of schizophrenia, including the nature of the symptom domains of the illness, positive symptoms, negative symptoms, affective symptoms, neurocognitive deficits, and impaired social cognition Understand the aetiological theories of schizophrenia, considering particularly the heritable genetic component, environmental risk factors, and interactions between the two Describe the neurodevelopmental model of schizophrenia
Define psychosis
A loss of contact with reality - the presence of hallucinations, delusions, or a limited number of severe abnormalities of behaviour, such as gross excitement and overactivity, marked psychomotor retardation, and catatonic behaviour
Name the 2 main psychotic illnesses
Schizophrenia, bipolar disorder
State the disorders encompassed by schizophrenia
Brief reaxtive psychosis, organic psychosis, delusional disorder, psychotic depression, schizoaffective disorder
Give the 3 main comorbidities of bipolar disorder
Anxiety, substance misuse, borderline personality disorder
Name the symptom domains of schizophrenia
Positive, negative, neurocognitive, disorganisation, affective dusturbance, disturbed behaviour, social cognition
Describe the neurocognitive symptoms of schizophrenia
Dysfunction in attention, memory, and executive function
Describe the positive symptoms of schizophrenia
Delusions, hallucinations
Describe the negative symptoms of schizophrenia
Affective flattening, alogia, avolition, anhedonia
Describe the disorganised symptoms of schizophrenia
Formal thought disorder
Describe the affective disturbance symptoms of schizophrenia
Suicidal ideation, hopelessness, excitement, hypomania
Describe the behavioural symptoms of schizophrenia
Social withdrawal, thought disturbance, anti-social behaviour, depressed behaviour
Describe the social cognition symptoms of schizophrenia
Impaired emotion processing, theory of mind, and social relationship perception
Name the 4 classic schizophrenia subtypes
Paranoid, hebephrenic, catatonic, simple
Describe paranoid schizophrenia
Characterised by persecutory or grandiose delusions and derogatory auditory hallucinations
Describe hebephrenic schizophrenia
A disorganisation syndrome, characterised by formal thought disorder, affective flattening, and bizarre behaviour
Describe catatonic schizophrenia
Multiple motor, volitional, and behavioural disorders, accompanied by stupor and excitement
Describe simple schizophrenia
Insidious but progressive impoverishment of mental life, without development of florid symptoms
Describe Crow’s 1985 two-syndrome model of schizophrenia
Type 1 schizophrenia was an acute illness featuring positive symptoms - hallucinations, delusions, and thought disorder - with a good response to medication and no intellectual impairment. Type 2 schizophrenia was a chronic illness featuring negative symptoms - affective flattening, speech poverty, loss of drive - with a poor response to medication and some intellectual impairment
State the problems with the four-subtype model of schizophrenia
The subtypes are temporally unstable, overlapping, and of questionable validity and clinical relevance
Name the 3 schizophrenia syndromes proposed by Liddle & Barnes in 1990
Psychomotor poverty, disorganisation syndrome, reality distortion