Clinical disorders and treatments Flashcards
Psychopathology
scientific study of psychological disorders or disorders themselves
Abnormal psychology
seeks to characterize the nature and origins of disorders
Clinical psychology
assessment and treatment of disorders
Diathesis-Stress Model
identifies one set of risk factors (the diathesis) creating a predisposition for the disorder and a different set of factors (stress) providing the trigger that the turns the predisposition into the actual disorder (only emerges if both are present)
Phobic Disorders/Specific Phobia
Marked, persistent, and excessive fear and avoidance of specific objects, activities, and/or situations in response to a very specific stimulus
Social Anxiety Disorder, previously Social Phobia
Afraid of being watched, evaluated, and judged by others
Panic Disorder
Occurrence of unexpected panic attacks: sudden episodes of uncontrollable fear or anxiety accompanied by terrifying bodily symptoms that include labored breathing, choking, dizziness, tingling hands and feet, sweating, etc.
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)
Characterized by chronic and excessive worry accompanied by 3 or more of the following symptoms: fatigue, concentration problems, irritability, muscle tension, and sleep disturbance for more than 6 months
Obsessions
repetitive, intrusive, and irrational thoughts and worries that are automatic
Compulsions
ritualistic behaviors done in an attempt to fight those thoughts; temporary solutions
Major Depressive Disorder/Depression
Severely depressed mood and/or inability to experience pleasure that lasts for 2 or more weeks accompanied by feelings of worthlessness, lethargy, lack of sleep, appetite disturbance, and anhedonia (diminished interest or pleasure in nearly all activities that usually provide pleasure); Depressive episodes
Persistent Depressive Disorder
Less severe than a major episode but lasting for 2 years with symptoms and is punctuated by episodes of major depression
Bipolar disorder
cycles of abnormally high mood (mania) and depression; extremely and perhaps most heritable disorder
Schizophrenia
A neurodevelopmental disorder that stems from early brain abnormalities, causes profound disruption of basic psychological processes, including a distorted perception of reality (psychosis)
Positive symptoms
symptoms in which abnormal processes are present
Negative symptoms
Symptoms of schizophrenia in which normal processes are absent, of which the severity predicts worse clinical outcomes
Cluster A (odd/eclectic)
social awkwardness and withdrawal, strange beliefs or manners of speaking or dressing (schizoid, paranoid, schizotypal)
Cluster B (dramatic/erratic)
problems in impulse control and emotional regulation, including lacking empathy toward others, having unstable moods, constantly seeking attention (antisocial, borderline, narcissistic, histrionic)
Cluster C (anxious/inhibited)
feelings of anxiety and discomfort, including in social situations, oversensitivity to negative comments, perfectionism, lack of self-confidence (dependent, avoidant, obsessive-compulsive personality disorder)
Autism Spectrum Disorder
Beginning in early childhood that leads to profound problems in reciprocal socialization and communication, repetitive behaviors, interests, or activities
Attention-Deficit Disorder (ADHD)
Persistent pattern of involuntary inattention and/or hyperactive behavior that interferes with functioning and typical development
Primary treatment for specific phobia and PTSD
CBT, especially exposure therapy
Primary treatment for panic disorder and GAD
CBT, especially cognitive restruturing
Primary treatment for OCD
CBT and anti-depressants
Primary treatment for mood disorders
CBT and anti-depressants
Primary treatment for bipolar disorder
lithium or anti-psychotics
Primary treatment for schizophrenia
anti-psychotics
Primary treatment for borderline personality
DBT
