Clinical disorders and treatments

Question 1

Psychopathology

Answer 1

scientific study of psychological disorders or disorders themselves

Question 2

Abnormal psychology

Answer 2

seeks to characterize the nature and origins of disorders

Question 3

Clinical psychology

Answer 3

assessment and treatment of disorders

Question 4

Diathesis-Stress Model

Answer 4

identifies one set of risk factors (the diathesis) creating a predisposition for the disorder and a different set of factors (stress) providing the trigger that the turns the predisposition into the actual disorder (only emerges if both are present)

Question 5

Phobic Disorders/Specific Phobia

Answer 5

Marked, persistent, and excessive fear and avoidance of specific objects, activities, and/or situations in response to a very specific stimulus

Question 6

Social Anxiety Disorder, previously Social Phobia

Answer 6

Afraid of being watched, evaluated, and judged by others

Question 7

Panic Disorder

Answer 7

Occurrence of unexpected panic attacks: sudden episodes of uncontrollable fear or anxiety accompanied by terrifying bodily symptoms that include labored breathing, choking, dizziness, tingling hands and feet, sweating, etc.

Question 8

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

Answer 8

Characterized by chronic and excessive worry accompanied by 3 or more of the following symptoms: fatigue, concentration problems, irritability, muscle tension, and sleep disturbance for more than 6 months

Question 9

Obsessions

Answer 9

repetitive, intrusive, and irrational thoughts and worries that are automatic

Question 10

Compulsions

Answer 10

ritualistic behaviors done in an attempt to fight those thoughts; temporary solutions

Question 11

Major Depressive Disorder/Depression

Answer 11

Severely depressed mood and/or inability to experience pleasure that lasts for 2 or more weeks accompanied by feelings of worthlessness, lethargy, lack of sleep, appetite disturbance, and anhedonia (diminished interest or pleasure in nearly all activities that usually provide pleasure); Depressive episodes

Question 12

Persistent Depressive Disorder

Answer 12

Less severe than a major episode but lasting for 2 years with symptoms and is punctuated by episodes of major depression

Question 13

Bipolar disorder

Answer 13

cycles of abnormally high mood (mania) and depression; extremely and perhaps most heritable disorder

Question 14

Schizophrenia

Answer 14

A neurodevelopmental disorder that stems from early brain abnormalities, causes profound disruption of basic psychological processes, including a distorted perception of reality (psychosis)

Question 15

Positive symptoms

Answer 15

symptoms in which abnormal processes are present

Question 16

Negative symptoms

Answer 16

Symptoms of schizophrenia in which normal processes are absent, of which the severity predicts worse clinical outcomes

Question 17

Cluster A (odd/eclectic)

Answer 17

social awkwardness and withdrawal, strange beliefs or manners of speaking or dressing (schizoid, paranoid, schizotypal)

Question 18

Cluster B (dramatic/erratic)

Answer 18

problems in impulse control and emotional regulation, including lacking empathy toward others, having unstable moods, constantly seeking attention (antisocial, borderline, narcissistic, histrionic)

Question 19

Cluster C (anxious/inhibited)

Answer 19

feelings of anxiety and discomfort, including in social situations, oversensitivity to negative comments, perfectionism, lack of self-confidence (dependent, avoidant, obsessive-compulsive personality disorder)

Question 20

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Answer 20

Beginning in early childhood that leads to profound problems in reciprocal socialization and communication, repetitive behaviors, interests, or activities

Question 21

Attention-Deficit Disorder (ADHD)

Answer 21

Persistent pattern of involuntary inattention and/or hyperactive behavior that interferes with functioning and typical development

Question 22

Primary treatment for specific phobia and PTSD

Answer 22

CBT, especially exposure therapy

Question 23

Primary treatment for panic disorder and GAD

Answer 23

CBT, especially cognitive restruturing

Question 24

Primary treatment for OCD

Answer 24

CBT and anti-depressants

Question 25

Primary treatment for mood disorders

Answer 25

CBT and anti-depressants

Question 26

Primary treatment for bipolar disorder

Answer 26

lithium or anti-psychotics

Question 27

Primary treatment for schizophrenia

Answer 27

anti-psychotics

Question 28

Primary treatment for borderline personality

Answer 28

DBT