Clinical Diabetes Flashcards
how can diabetes be diagnosed?
fasting blood sugar with venous blood sugar sample
why cant a fingerprick test diagnose diabetes?
this is capillary blood sugar
what are normal blood glucose levels compared to diabetic ones?
5 mmol/L is normal
7+ is diabetic
what is an oral glucose tolerance test?
give 75mg of glucose and test blood sugar again 2 hours later. 11.1 mmol/L + is diabetic
what is polyuria?
frequent urination
what is polydipsia?
frequent thirst/dehydration
what is glycosuria?
excess sugar in urine
what is type I diabetes?
beta cell destruction
what is type II diabetes?
insulin resistance or deficiency due to beta cell disfunction
most common cause of type I diabetes mellitus?
autoimmune destruction of beta cells leading to no beta cell function
what are environmental factors contributing to type I?
viruses that can destroy beta cells (mumps, rubella), diet, stress, drugs
what is type II diabetes mellitus linked to?
insulin resistance and high BMI
what is the difference between white patients and indian patients in onset of type II diabetes?
younger age of onset with earlier proteinuria and renal disease.
what percentage of diabetes incidence is type II?
85%
where does insulin act?
adipose tissue, muscle and liver