Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

General Pathology > Clinical Consequences of Neoplasia > Flashcards

Clinical Consequences of Neoplasia Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 3 mechanisms of neoplastic disease

A
  1. Paraneoplastic syndromes
  2. Local tumour impact
  3. Further tumour impact
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are paraneoplastic syndromes?

A

Indirect symptoms that occur away from the site of the tumour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Why are paraneoplastic syndromes important for cancer diagnosis and treatment (3)?

A
  1. Assist with diagnosis
  2. Effective cancer treatment may include dealing with the effects of the paraneoplastic syndrome
  3. Severity of paraneoplastic syndrome may reflex tumour burden
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Name a systemic paraneoplastic syndrome

A

Anorexia/cachexia

Fever

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Name at least one endocrine paraneoplastic syndrome

A 
Hypercalcaemia 
Hypoglycaemia
Hyperestrogenism
Cushing's disease
Thyrotoxicosis
And many more!
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Name a skeletal paraneoplastic syndrome

A

Myelofibrosis

Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Name at least one vascular/haematopoietic paraneoplastic syndrome

A 
Leukocytosis/penia
Thrombocytosis/penia
Anemia
Eosinophilia
Erythrocytosis
Disseminated intravascular coagulation
Hyperviscosity syndrome
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Name a neurologic paraneoplastic syndrome

A

Peripheral neuropathy

Myasthenia gravis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Name a cutaneous paraneoplastic syndrome

A

Alopecia

Nodular dermatofibrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Hyperadrenocorticism in dogs (canine Cushing’s) is usually associated with what type of tumour?

A

Adrenal or pituitary adenomas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Hyperthyroidism in cats is commonly associated with what type of tumour?

A

Adenomas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What type of tumour is humoral hypercalcaemia of malignancy in dogs associated with?

A

Anal sac carcinoma (90%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Monoclonal gammopathies are often associated with multiple ______

A

Monoclonal gammopathies are often associated with multiple myelomas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Myasthenia gravis, immune-mediated myositis and dermatitis are often observed with what type of tumour?

A

Thymoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Why do some tumours become easily damaged and expose?

A 
Faulty desmosomes
Necrotic cells (no blood supply)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Name the 5 localised tumour impacts

A
  1. Haemorrhage
  2. Ulceration
  3. Blood vessel damage
  4. Invasion
  5. Impingement
17
Q

What are the 3 impacts of impingement of a localised tumour on local structures?

A
  1. Compression
  2. Neurological
  3. Interference with motion/movement
18
Q

A localised tumour can cause vascular blockage by ______ compression

A

A localised tumour can cause vascular blockage by external compression

19
Q

A localised tumour can cause vascular blockage via 2 mechanisms. What are they?

A
  1. External compression

2. Thromboembolism

20
Q

What is an infarction?

A

Tissue death (necrosis) due to inadequate blood supply to the affected area.

21
Q

What are the 2 lymphatic impacts associated with tumour growth?

A
  1. Localised oedema secondary to lymphatic obstruction

2. Lymph node enlargement

22
Q

What is lymphadenomegaly?

A

Lymph node enlargement

23
Q

What is the difference between lymphadenomegaly and lymphadenopathy?

A 
Lymphadenomegaly = local enlargement of lymph nodes
Lymphadenopathy = systemic inflammation
24
Q

What 3 processes can lead to anaemia due to the presence of a tumour?

A
  1. Chronic haemorrhage
  2. Cachexia
  3. Bone marrow suppression/replacement
25
Q

What 3 things contribute to cardiorespiratory compromise due to cancer?

A
  1. Haemorrhage
  2. Direct impact on heart/vessels
  3. Metastases to the lungs
26
Q

A loss of function of the liver can be cause by cancer. Why does this happen (3)?

A
  1. Jaundice
  2. Coagulopathy
  3. Hypoproteinuria
27
Q

Tumours can cause a loss of function to the CNS which in turn can lead to blindness and seizure. True/False?

A

True

28
Q

A loss of renal function due to the presence of a tumour causes azotaemia and anaemia. True/False?

A

True

29
Q

Pain is not an impact caused by tumours. True/False?

A

False - tumour invades nerves

30
Q

Name the 4 routes of metastasis

A
  1. Haematogenous
  2. Lymphatic spread
  3. Transcoelomic
  4. Bronchi and biliary systems
31
Q

Lymphatic spread is the route of metastasis of most sarcomas. True/False?

A

False - route of most carcinomas is lymphatic spread

32
Q

What is the route of metastasis of most sarcomas?

A

Haematogenous route

33
Q

Name 4 secondary infections and inflammation associated with cancer

A
  1. Epithelial ulceration
  2. Immunosuppressive effects
  3. Hormonal
  4. Tumour necrosis

General Pathology (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions