Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Phase 1 - S2 Musculoskeletal System > clinical conditions of the lower limb > Flashcards

clinical conditions of the lower limb Flashcards

1
Q

what movement is controlled by the L2 myotome

A

hip flexion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what movement is controlled by the L3 myotome

A

knee extension and hip abduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what movement is controlled by the L4 myotome

A

ankle dorsiflexion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what movement is controlled by the L5 myotome

A

big toe extension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what movement is controlled by the S1 myotome

A

ankle plantar flexion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what movement is controlled by the S2 myotome

A

knee flexion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what allows for distension of the femoral vein during exercise

A

the femoral canal which is an empty space found in the femoral sheath

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is found at the mid point of the injuinal ligament

A

femoral artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is found at the mid inguinal point

A

femoral artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the mid inguinal point

A

half way between the ASIS and pubic symphysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is a bakers cyst

A

inflammation and swelling of the semimembranosus burse in the knee

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what does an aneurysm in the popliteal fossa affect the most

A

tibial nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what nerve is damaged in Trendelenburg gait

A

superior gluteal nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what nerve is damaged in foot drop

A

deep peroneal nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what can cause foot drop

A

tight fitting shoes compressing the extensor retinaculum

damage to the head of the fibula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is piriformis syndrome

A

the piriformis compresses the sciatic nerve giving sciatica due to ill formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what can block the knee to keep it locked

A

torn meniscus or pieces of bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is housemaids knee

A

prepatella bursitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is clergymmans knee

A

infrapatella bursitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

how do you asses collateral ligament of the knee damage

A

through medial and lateral rotation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

how is the ACL torn

A

hyperextension or force to the back of the knee

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

how is the PCL torn

A

when the knee is flexed and force hits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is the unhappy triad

A

ACL, medial collateral ligament and medial meniscus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

how is the limb seen in a hip dislocation

A

shortened and medially rotated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what is an intracapsular fracture

A

fractures of the femoral neck (inside the fibrous capsule)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what artery is affected in an intracapsular fracture

A

medial circumflex artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what is at risk of happening in an intracapsular fracture

A

AVN of the femur head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what would be the treatment for an intracapsular fracture

A

total hip replacement and not dynamic screws as the bone is dead

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

how is the leg seen in intertrochanteric fractures

A

shortened and laterally rotated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

what is a Pott’s fracture

A

bimalleolar ankle fracture

31
Q

what are bunions

A

bony deformities on the big toe

32
Q

what is a valgus bunion

A

a deformity causing the big toe to deviate away from the midline

33
Q

what is a varus bunion

A

a deformity of the big toe to deviate it towards the midline

34
Q

what is the treatment for bunions

A

changing shoes

35
Q

what is hallux rigidus

A

arthritis of the big toe giving a painful lump on top of the MTPJ

36
Q

what is the treatment for hallux rigidus

A

re-alignment, fusion of the bones, replace the bones or removal of the bones

37
Q

why are ruptures of the Achilles tendon common

A

due to poor blood supply

38
Q

what is thompsons test

A

test for Achilles tendon rupture by grabbing the calf and squeezing

39
Q

what is charcot anthropathy

A

when diabetics have fractures and dislocation with minimal or no known trauma

40
Q

what is the appearance of tredenlenburg gait

A

pelvic drop in the other side as gluteus medius and minimus cant contract to stabilise the pelvis

41
Q

what is an antalgic gait

A

pain on weight bearing so use a walking stick on the other side

42
Q

what is a hemiplegic gait

A

when the limb is extended due to a hemi brain injury

43
Q

what is a diplegic gait

A

seen in cerebral palsy where there is knee flexion, adduction and plantarflexion giving a scissoring movement

44
Q

how is a Parkinsonian gait seen

A

short steps and shuffling

45
Q

true or false the ACL heels well

A

false

46
Q

where can the femoral pulse be felt

A

midway between the pubis symthysis and ASIS

47
Q

what is a femoral hernia

A

when part of the bowel pushes through the saphenous opening

48
Q

what is adductor canal block

A

where local anaesthetic blocks the saphenous nerve for surgery

49
Q

what is adductor canal compression syndrome

A

entrapment of the neurovascular bundle within the adductor canal

50
Q

what can cause adductor canal compression syndrome

A

hypertrophy of vastus medialis

51
Q

what are reasons for swelling in the popliteal fossa

A

aneurysm, bakers cyst, DVT, neoplasms

52
Q

what causes fractures of the neck of the talus

A

excessive dorsiflexion

53
Q

what causes fractures to the body of the talus

A

jumping from a height

54
Q

what type of fracture is seen with the calcaneus

A

comminuted - bone breaks into several pieces

55
Q

what 3 ways can fracture the metatarsals

A

direct blow, stress fracture and excessive inversion

56
Q

how do patella dislocations occur

A

high impact force or sudden twisting

57
Q

how do patella fractures occur

A

trauma

58
Q

what is the most common type of patella dislocation

A

lateral

59
Q

what prevents lateral dislocation of the patella

A

vastus medialis

60
Q

why might the saphenous vein be stripped

A

due to varicose veins

61
Q

what nerve may be damaged when the saphenous vein is stripped

A

saphenous nerve

62
Q

where should intramuscular injections be given

A

in the upper lateral quadrant of the gluteal region

63
Q

what is found in the tarsal tunnel

A

posterior tibial artery and vein, tibial nerve

64
Q

what are the causes of tarsal tunnel syndrome

A

osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and trauma

65
Q

what is congenital hip displacement

A

when the hip joint does not develop properly in utero

66
Q

how is congenital hip dislocation treated

A

with a Pavlik harness holding the femoral head in the hip joint

67
Q

what type of hip dislocation is most common

A

posterior - as this is where the joint capsule is weakest

68
Q

how can you test for ACL damage

A

attempt to pull the tibia forward if it moves then the ligament has been torn

69
Q

how do you test for PCL damage

A

attempt to push the tibia posteriorly if it moves it has been torn

70
Q

what is an ankle sprain

A

partial or complete tears in the ligaments of the ankle joint

71
Q

which ankle ligament is most at risk of irreversible damage

A

anterior talofibular ligament

72
Q

true or false the lateral ligament at the ankle is stronger than the medial

A

false

73
Q

where is the dorsalis pedis pulse located

A

between extensor halluces longus tendon and extensor digitorium

74
Q

how can you treat varicose veins

A

surgical removement, reconstruction of the valves, tying off the valves

Phase 1 - S2 Musculoskeletal System (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions