clinical chemistry cpc Flashcards
which antidepressant (herbal) has same efficacy to antidepressants? (proven by clincal trial)
st john’s wort
Which metabolic disorder can present with depression?
hypercalcaemia
what does hyperkalaemia do to the heart?
asystole
what does hypokalaemia do to heart?
VF
What type of fracture is this?
SMITH’S FRACTURE- not colle’s!!
**it is the reverse of colle’s fracture
what is the name of the fracture that involves the tibia and fibula?
pott’s fracture
**NB diff from pott’s disease
Out of these: which ones cause microscopic and macroscopic haematuria?
- DKA
- glomerulonephritis
- acute rheumatic fever
- subacute bacterial endocarditis
- renal stomes
microsocpic haematuria
- endocarditis
macroscopic
- renal stones
- glomerulonephritis
Should you measure PTH in blood?
not unless you’ve measured calcium
**need context to interprte the PTH- no point otherwise**
Commest cause of hypercalcaemia in community vs in hospital
Community: primary hyperparathyoridism
Hospital: cancer
calcium high
normal pth
primary hyperparathyoridism
**if you have high calcium you should have suppressed PTH**
what does blood test for vitamin D measure?
it’s measuring 25-hydroxy vitamin D
*this is what is produced by 25 hdyroxylase enzyme in the liver*
*this is inactive vitamin D*
What is an eye sign of hypercalcaemia?
band keratopathy
Symotoms, signs and complications of hyperclacaemia
•Symptoms
–Moans/Bones/Grones/Stones
–Asymptomatic
–Polydypsia/Polyuria (Nephrogenic DI)
•Signs
–Band keratopathy
•Complications
–Renal stones
–Pancreatitis
–Peptic ulcer disease
–Skeletal changes
–Osteitis fibrosa et cystica - these are the bone changes caused by resoprtion of bone by osteoclasts
Most common type of renal stone
calcium oxalate
this is radioopaque so can be picked up on Xray
What drug can be used to treat hypercalciuria but not hypercalcaemia?
thiazide diuretics
**NB these will worsen hypercalcaemia as they cause increased calcium reabsorption**
