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chemical pathology > Chemical Pathology 2 - Lipoprotein metabolism, CVD and obesity > Flashcards

Chemical Pathology 2 - Lipoprotein metabolism, CVD and obesity Flashcards

1
Q

What is the role of HDL?

A

Picks up excess cholesterol from the periphery and transports it to liver

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2
Q

What is the role of the enzyme CETP in cholesterol metabolism?

A

HDL to VLDL conversion

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3
Q

What is the key enzyme involved in cholesterol synthesis?

A

HMG CoA reductase

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4
Q

Which enzyme converts cholesterol to cholesteryl ester?

A

ACAT

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5
Q

What is VLDL constituted of?

A

ApoB, cholesteryl ester and triglyceride

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6
Q

What is the function of 7-alpha hydroxase in cholesterol metabolism?

A

Converts cholesterol to bile acids

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7
Q

What is the main component of mixed micelles?

A

Bile acids

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8
Q

Where are bile acids resorbed?

A

Terminal ileum

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9
Q

What controls the amount of cholesterol resorbed into the intestine?

A

Balance of 2 enzymes: NPC1L1 and ABC G5/G8

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10
Q

What is the inheritance pattern of familial hypercholesterolaemia type II?

A

Heterozygous dominant

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11
Q

What name is given to an inherited predeliction to high HDL, and what mutation causes this?

A

Familial hyper alpha lipoproteinaemia
= CETP deficiency

**rmb CETP converts HDL to VLDL so you hget buildup up HDL**

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12
Q

What condition is caused by ABC G5/G8 mutation?

A

Phytosterolaemia

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13
Q

What is phytosterolaemia?

A

Inherited condition that allows plant sterols to enter the plasma freely, which are more athrogenic than cholesterol itself

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14
Q

Recall 3 clinical signs of hypercholesterolaemia

A

Xanthalasma
Arcus
Tendon xanthoma

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15
Q

How can you examine for tendon xanthoma?

A

Feel back of ACL

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16
Q

What are the different types of primary hypertriglyceridaemia?

A

I, IV and V
All familial

17
Q

What is A-beta-lipoproteinaemia?

A

MTP deficiency causing hypolipidaemia

18
Q

Recall 3 inherited conditions that can cause hypolipidaemia

A

A-beta-lipoproteinaemia
Hypo-beta-lipoproteinaemia
Tangier disease (HDC deficiency)

19
Q

What is the effect of statins on cholesterol levels?

A

Very effective at reducing LDL, also reduce triglyceride and HDL

20
Q

What is the effect of fibrate drugs on cholesterol levels?

A

Mostly reduces TG, limited effect on LDLand HDL

21
Q

What is the role of PCSK9?

A

Binds LDLR and promotes its degradation

example: evolocumab

22
Q

What is the mechanism of action of statins?

A

HMG coA reductase inhibition

23
Q

MOA of ezetimibe

A

Blocks NPC1L1 - blocks cholesterol absorption - can be used for people with statin intolerance

chemical pathology (22 decks)

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