Chemical Pathology 9 - Nutrition Flashcards
Which are the fat soluble vitamins? (Recall letter and name)
A - Retinol
D - cholecalciferol (**rmb this is inactive vitamin D- i.e. vitamin D3)
E - tocopherol
K - phytomenodione
What are the symptoms of vitamin A deficiency?
Colour blindness
What are the symptoms of vitamin D deficiency?
Osteomalacia/ ricketts
What are the symptoms of vitamin E deficiency?
Anaemia /neuropathy ?malignancy/IHD
What are the symptoms of vitamin K deficiency?
Clotting defects
How can you test vitamin A levels?
Serum vitamin levels (although pretty much never done)
How can you test vitamin D levels?
Serum vitamin levels
How can you test vitamin E levels?
Serum vitamin levels
How can you test vitamin K level?
Prothrombin time
Name vitamins B1, 2, 6 and 12
B1 = thiamin
B2 = riboflavin
B6 = pyridoxine
B12 - cobalamin
Which vitamin deficiency causes Beri Beri neuropathy?
B1 (thiamin)
**also causes wernicke;s encephalopathy
How can vit B1 levels be tested?
Red Blood Cell transketolase (but this takes forever to come back from the lab so is rarely done)
What are the symptoms of vit B2 deficiency?
how do you test for it?
Glossitis
**tongue tastes FLAVOUR. riboFLAVIN**
tested withglutathione reductase activity
What are the symptoms of vit B6 deficiency?
how d yuo test for it
Dermatitis/ anaemia
test: red cell aspartate aminotransferase
What are the symptoms of vit B12 deficiency?
Pernicious anaemia
What are the symptoms of vit C deficiency? Excess?
Scurvy
Excess- renal stones
What condition is produced by niacin deficiency?
niacin- vitamin B3
Pellagra (dementia, dermatitis, diarrhoea)
What states are produced by iron deficiency vs excess?
Deficiency = hypochromic anaemia Excess = haemachromatosis
What symptoms does zinc deficiency produce?
Dermatitis
**think back to derm clinic**
How can Wilson’s disease be tested for?
Caeruloplasmin level- woul dbe low
Deficiency in which hormone can cause insulin resistance?
Adiponectin- this is produced by fat cells around the body
Where is adiponectin produced?
White adipose tissue
What test can be used to prove a diagnosis of Wernicke’s encephalopathy?
Red blood cell transketolase
What is carbohydrate deficient transferrin measurement used for?
To detect alcohol abuse
Name of vitamin C?
ascorbate
What does iodine deficiency cause?
goitre- hypothyorid
What does copper deficiency and excess cause?
deficiency: anaemia
excess; wilson’s
what does fluoride deficiency vs excess cause
deficiency: dental caries
excess; fluorsis
What nutrient problems do you get in crohn’s?
Terminal ileal disease can lead to B12 deficiency and fat-soluble vitamins (ADEK)
deficiency o Folate deficiency can be present in patients on methotrexate therapy o Calcium, phosphate, magnesium and zinc can be deranged if there is high
output/chronic diarrhoea
What nutrient deficiencies do you see in coelaic disease
Iron deficiency o Vitamins ADEK, thiamine, Vitamin B6
What deficiencies do you see in chronic liver disease/
Vitamins ADEK, B12, Selenium, Magnesium, Zinc, folate
Nutrient problems in chronic kidney disease
Protein energy wasting syndrome
Nutrient problems in pancreatic insufifiency
ADEK defiicency
