Clinical Chemistry Flashcards
What do increased lactate levels indicate
Hypoxemia or hypoperfusion
Hypoadrenocorticism =
Addisons disease
How does a pet most commonly get Addisons disease
Withdrawal of corticosteroids
Cats have a tendency to have hyper or hypothyroidism
Hyper
Dogs and horses have a tendency to have hyper or hypothyroidism
Hypo
True or false
Plasma does not clot
True
What principles do most chemistry analyzers use in veterinary practices
Photometry
What organ produces most of the plasma proteins
Liver
What is bilirubin
Byproduct of hemoglobin breakdown
How do bile acids function
Aid fat absorption and modulate cholesterol levels
What are the two primary tests used to determine kidney function
Blood urea nitrogen and creatinine
What are 2 commonly performed tests used to evaluate the exocrine pancreas
Amylase and lipase
How much can glucose levels drop if left in contact with RBC at room temperature for 1 hour
10%
What chemical components in the body contribute to the acid base balance
Buffers
What are the major electrolytes in plasma
Sodium, potassium, chloride
What is the buffer used to maintain PH balance in the body
Bicarbonate
Which substance does the exocrine pancreas produce ?
Amylase
Glucagon
Somatostatin
Insulin
Amylase
Which liver enzyme is associated with cholestasis
Gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT)
What word means an elevated blood urea nitrogen and creatine levels
Azotemia
Hepatic function test ?
Bile acids
Which test is elevated when skeletal muscle is damaged
Creatine kinase
An electrochemical analyzer evaluated which components
Electrolytes
Which protein is responsible for maintaining osmotic pressure of the plasma
Albumin
What electrolyte is needed to maintaining neuromuscular excitability
Calcium
What type of sample is preferred for most blood chemistry assays
Serum
What term referred to the fluid portion of the blood that contains fibrinogen but no cells
Plasma
What term describes serum that appears pink after centrifugation
Hemolyzed
What term describes serum that appears milky after centrifugation
Lipemic
What can cause light scattering when a sample is analyzed
Lipemia
What does the toxin nitrate cause
Changes hemoglobin to methemoglobin
The toxin mean causes
Basophilic stippling and increased RBC
What electrolytes are mainly found in bone
Calcium and phosphorus
What electrolytes are mainly Intracellular
Potassium and magnesium
What electrolytes are mainly Extracellular or found in plasma
Bicarbonate, chloride, sodium
Red maple leaves are toxic to what species
Horses
Onions are toxic to what species
Dogs
When bicarbonate (HCO3) binds with hydrogen ion (H), what 2 substances will be produced
Carbon dioxide and water
What test is a good indicator of acute liver disease in dogs and cats
ALT
Increased levels indicate hypoperfusion or hypoxia
Lactate
Hormone that stimulates the thyroid to produce thyroxine
TSH
Incense in this analyte indicates a persistent hyperglycemia of 2-3 months in cats
Hemoglobin A1C
Increase in this analyte indicates a persistent hyperglycemia of 1-2 weeks in dogs and cats
Fructosamine
Isoenzymes are present in osteoblasts, chondroblasts and hepatocytes therefore it is normal for this analyte to be elevated in very young animals
ALP
