Clinical Chem Flashcards
1
Q
Range of Na
A
135 - 148 mmol/L
2
Q
Range of K
A
3.8 - 5.5 mmol/L
3
Q
Range of Cl
A
98 - 108 mmol/L
4
Q
Range of HCO3-
A
22 - 28 mmol/L
5
Q
Range of Ca
A
1.15 - 1.33 mmol/L
6
Q
Range of Phosphorus
A
0.96 - 1.44 mmol/L
7
Q
Range of Mg
A
0.7 - 1.0 mmol/L
8
Q
Range of Creatine
A
0.21 - 0.44 mmol/L
9
Q
Range of Uric Acid
A
0.21 - 0.44 mmol/L
10
Q
Range of eGFR
A
90 - 120 mL/min
11
Q
Range of Troponin I and II
A
0 - 0.4 ng/L
12
Q
Range of CPK/CK
A
30 - 170 U/L
13
Q
Range of CK-MB
A
<6% total or 0 - 5 ug/mL
14
Q
Range of Myoglobin
A
20 - 90 ng/mL
15
Q
Range of Total Cholesterol
A
3.6 - 6.5 mmol/L
16
Q
Range of LDL
A
<2.5 mmol/L
17
Q
Range of HDL
A
> 1.04 mmol/L
18
Q
Range of Triglyceride
A
0.11 - 2.15 mmol/L
19
Q
Range of Alkaline Phosphatase - ALP
A
20 - 130 U/L
20
Q
Range of Alanine Aminotransferase - ALT
A
3 - 30 U/L
21
Q
Range of TSH
A
0.35 - 5.0 uU/L
22
Q
Range of Iron
A
M: 12 - 32 umol/L
F: 9 - 30 umol/L
23
Q
Range of Serum Folate
A
4.5 - 30 nmol/L
24
Q
Range of Triglyceride
A
0.11 - 2.15 mmol/L
25
Function of Na
Transmit nerve impulses
Osmolarity of vascular fluids
Regulate body fluid levels and acid-base balance with Cl or HCO3-
26
Function of Cl
Maintain serum osmolarity
Work with Na to retain water and regulate acid-base balance
Increased = dehydration & respiratory difficulties
Decreased = renal disease
27
Function of K
Most abundant cation
Transmit nerve impulses
Regular heart beat and muscle function
Maintain acid-base balance
28
Function of Ca
Half of Ca bound to protein and rest is an ionized form for muscle contraction/relaxation and blood coag
Bone and teeth hardness, reserves in bones
Highest conc of mineral in body
29
Function of P
Proper bone and teeth development and cell membranes, combines with Ca
ATP within cells and is the building block of DNA and cell membranes
30
Function of Mg
Help function heart, nerves, muscles
Plays role in carbs, protein metabolism, and storage
Support immune system
31
Function of Creatinine
Waste produce of creatine phosphase
| Increased in impaired kidney functions
32
Function of Uric Acid
Diagnose Gout - precipitation of uric acid in tissue and joints
33
Function of BUN
Measurement of urea in blood, it is the excess of amino acids influenced by diet, hormones and kidney function
34
Function of eGFR
Access kidney, order creatinine test and calculate eGFR with age, gender, and race
35
Function of Troponin I/II
Cardiac muscle protein
Specific marker for AMI, most specific of all markers
Released rapidley into blood after AMI
36
Function CPK/CK
Diagnose MI, present in muscle (cardiac and skeletal) and brain
Increased after heart attack, not specific
37
Function of CK-MB
Isoenzmye of CK, released following MI
| Present in blood stream following muscle injury, helpful with other markers for AMI
38
Function of Cholesterol
Steroid, type of fat, maintain health of cells
| Makes hormones, in membranes of cells, organs, tissues, forms acids to absorb nutrients
39
Function of LDL
BAD cholesterol - carry form liver to blood then organs
Less protein, more cholesterol, easily stick to walls of blood vessels
High levels associated with atherosclerosis, heart disease and MI
40
Function of HDL
GOOD cholesterol - carry from organs to blood to liver then dispose
Removes excess from tissue, cleans blood, transport back to liver
Higher the better
41
Function of Triglyceride
Body storage form of fat and energy mainly as adipose/fat tissue.
Provide energy in absence of carbs, some circulate blood to fuel muscle
42
Function of Alkaline Phosphatase - ALP
Enzyme present in liver, bone, kidney, intestine, not specific, but always ordered
Increased levels due to liver dmg, tumors, leison to bone or biliary duct, hepatitis
43
Function of Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT)
Enzyme high in hepatocytes, more specific than ALP
| Serum ALT increase in acute liver dmg
44
Function of TSH
Largest endocrine glands which synthesizes hormones
| Control body's use of energy and makes proteins
45
Role of Iron
Essential for Hb synthesis and is stored in Hb, also stored as ferritin & hemosiderin in bone marrow, spleen, and liver.
Inteference includes hemolysis and anticoags
46
Role of Serum Folate
Body stores around 10mg in liver from leafy veges, whole grain, and yeast.
B12 and folate are ordered together
Critical in synthesizing and repairing DNA
Aid in rapid cell division and growth
Deficiency leads to macrocytic/megalomlastic anemia
Interference is caused by hemolysis
47
Function of Myoglobin
Protein found mainly in muscle tissues - cardiac and skeletal.
Present in bloodstream following muscle injury, helpful with other markers for AMI
48
Function of HCO3-
Maintain blood pH, measured as total CO2
