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MLT > Clinical Chem > Flashcards

Clinical Chem Flashcards

1
Q

Range of Na

A

135 - 148 mmol/L

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2
Q

Range of K

A

3.8 - 5.5 mmol/L

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3
Q

Range of Cl

A

98 - 108 mmol/L

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4
Q

Range of HCO3-

A

22 - 28 mmol/L

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5
Q

Range of Ca

A

1.15 - 1.33 mmol/L

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6
Q

Range of Phosphorus

A

0.96 - 1.44 mmol/L

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7
Q

Range of Mg

A

0.7 - 1.0 mmol/L

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8
Q

Range of Creatine

A

0.21 - 0.44 mmol/L

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9
Q

Range of Uric Acid

A

0.21 - 0.44 mmol/L

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10
Q

Range of eGFR

A

90 - 120 mL/min

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11
Q

Range of Troponin I and II

A

0 - 0.4 ng/L

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12
Q

Range of CPK/CK

A

30 - 170 U/L

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13
Q

Range of CK-MB

A

<6% total or 0 - 5 ug/mL

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14
Q

Range of Myoglobin

A

20 - 90 ng/mL

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15
Q

Range of Total Cholesterol

A

3.6 - 6.5 mmol/L

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16
Q

Range of LDL

A

<2.5 mmol/L

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17
Q

Range of HDL

A

> 1.04 mmol/L

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18
Q

Range of Triglyceride

A

0.11 - 2.15 mmol/L

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19
Q

Range of Alkaline Phosphatase - ALP

A

20 - 130 U/L

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20
Q

Range of Alanine Aminotransferase - ALT

A

3 - 30 U/L

21
Q

Range of TSH

A

0.35 - 5.0 uU/L

22
Q

Range of Iron

A

M: 12 - 32 umol/L
F: 9 - 30 umol/L

23
Q

Range of Serum Folate

A

4.5 - 30 nmol/L

24
Q

Range of Triglyceride

A

0.11 - 2.15 mmol/L

25
Q

Function of Na

A

Transmit nerve impulses
Osmolarity of vascular fluids
Regulate body fluid levels and acid-base balance with Cl or HCO3-

26
Q

Function of Cl

A

Maintain serum osmolarity
Work with Na to retain water and regulate acid-base balance
Increased = dehydration & respiratory difficulties
Decreased = renal disease

27
Q

Function of K

A

Most abundant cation
Transmit nerve impulses
Regular heart beat and muscle function
Maintain acid-base balance

28
Q

Function of Ca

A

Half of Ca bound to protein and rest is an ionized form for muscle contraction/relaxation and blood coag
Bone and teeth hardness, reserves in bones
Highest conc of mineral in body

29
Q

Function of P

A

Proper bone and teeth development and cell membranes, combines with Ca
ATP within cells and is the building block of DNA and cell membranes

30
Q

Function of Mg

A

Help function heart, nerves, muscles
Plays role in carbs, protein metabolism, and storage
Support immune system

31
Q

Function of Creatinine

A

Waste produce of creatine phosphase

Increased in impaired kidney functions

32
Q

Function of Uric Acid

A

Diagnose Gout - precipitation of uric acid in tissue and joints

33
Q

Function of BUN

A

Measurement of urea in blood, it is the excess of amino acids influenced by diet, hormones and kidney function

34
Q

Function of eGFR

A

Access kidney, order creatinine test and calculate eGFR with age, gender, and race

35
Q

Function of Troponin I/II

A

Cardiac muscle protein
Specific marker for AMI, most specific of all markers
Released rapidley into blood after AMI

36
Q

Function CPK/CK

A

Diagnose MI, present in muscle (cardiac and skeletal) and brain
Increased after heart attack, not specific

37
Q

Function of CK-MB

A

Isoenzmye of CK, released following MI

Present in blood stream following muscle injury, helpful with other markers for AMI

38
Q

Function of Cholesterol

A

Steroid, type of fat, maintain health of cells

Makes hormones, in membranes of cells, organs, tissues, forms acids to absorb nutrients

39
Q

Function of LDL

A

BAD cholesterol - carry form liver to blood then organs
Less protein, more cholesterol, easily stick to walls of blood vessels
High levels associated with atherosclerosis, heart disease and MI

40
Q

Function of HDL

A

GOOD cholesterol - carry from organs to blood to liver then dispose
Removes excess from tissue, cleans blood, transport back to liver
Higher the better

41
Q

Function of Triglyceride

A

Body storage form of fat and energy mainly as adipose/fat tissue.
Provide energy in absence of carbs, some circulate blood to fuel muscle

42
Q

Function of Alkaline Phosphatase - ALP

A

Enzyme present in liver, bone, kidney, intestine, not specific, but always ordered
Increased levels due to liver dmg, tumors, leison to bone or biliary duct, hepatitis

43
Q

Function of Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT)

A

Enzyme high in hepatocytes, more specific than ALP

Serum ALT increase in acute liver dmg

44
Q

Function of TSH

A

Largest endocrine glands which synthesizes hormones

Control body’s use of energy and makes proteins

45
Q

Role of Iron

A

Essential for Hb synthesis and is stored in Hb, also stored as ferritin & hemosiderin in bone marrow, spleen, and liver.
Inteference includes hemolysis and anticoags

46
Q

Role of Serum Folate

A

Body stores around 10mg in liver from leafy veges, whole grain, and yeast.
B12 and folate are ordered together
Critical in synthesizing and repairing DNA
Aid in rapid cell division and growth
Deficiency leads to macrocytic/megalomlastic anemia
Interference is caused by hemolysis

47
Q

Function of Myoglobin

A

Protein found mainly in muscle tissues - cardiac and skeletal.
Present in bloodstream following muscle injury, helpful with other markers for AMI

48
Q

Function of HCO3-

A

Maintain blood pH, measured as total CO2

MLT (4 decks)

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