clinical care of the lymphatic system

Question 1

normal lymph nodes are generally less than how many cm?

Answer 1

1 cm

Question 2

what are common causes of generalized lymphadenopathy?

Answer 2

HIV
TB
Lupus
Infectious mono
malignancy

Question 3

5 parts of lymph node exam:

Answer 3

Location 
Size 
Consistency 
Mobility 
Tender

Question 4

Hard nodes are usually found with what?

Answer 4

cancers

Question 5

firm, rubbery lymph nodes are usually found with what?

Answer 5

lymphomas

Question 6

are normal lymph nodes mobiles or fixed?

Answer 6

freely movable

Question 7

patients with localized lymphadenopathy can be observed for how many weeks if there is nothing else in history, PE, and lab screening to suggest malignancy?

Answer 7

3-4 weeks, then a biopsy

Question 8

there may be episodes of what along with lymphedema?

Answer 8

lymphangitis and cellulitis

Question 9

what are the two forms of lymphedema?

Answer 9

Primary and Secondary

Question 10

what is the primary form of lymphedema?

Answer 10

congenital developmental abnormalities (lymphatic hypoplasia)

Question 11

what is secondary lymphedema?

Answer 11

inflammatory or mechanical lymphatic obstruction from trauma, lymph nodes resection, irradiation, or extensive involvement of regional body nodes by malignant disease.

Question 12

symptoms of lymphedema?

Answer 12

discomfort with sensation of heaviness or fullness, pitting edema, hypertrophy of the limb

Question 13

DDX of lymphedema

Answer 13

edema
DVT
CHF
Cellulitis

Question 14

labs and imaging for lymphedema?

Answer 14

MRI
lymphangiography
ultrasound for DVT

Question 15

treatment of lymphedema?

Answer 15

referral
elevation while sleeping
compression
diuretics, furosemide 40mg PO

Question 16

contraindications and adverse reactions to furosemide?

Answer 16

hypokalemia, ototoxicity, hypomagnesmia, hypotension, cramps, tinnitus, rash

Contraindications: hypokalemia, renal disease