Clinical Biochemistry

Question 1

How are clinical samples collected?

Answer 1

Blood, Serum, Plasma, Urine, CSF, Vitreous humor (eye fluid), Stool

Question 2

What is used to collect samples?

Answer 2

Blood tubes, order of tubes, patient ID, transport

Question 3

How are clinical samples analysed?

Answer 3

Biological factors, Result interpretation, reporting results

Question 4

What factors impact the correct result?

Answer 4

Pre-analytical - Technical: correct collection and analysis, Biological: Gender, Ethnic origin etc
Analytical - Accuracy and precision
Post analytical - Reporting: transmission of report e.g. over the phone

Question 5

What is enzyme elevation?

Answer 5

Extensive cell damage
Cell proliferation
Enzyme induction
Duct obstruction

Question 6

What is protein alteration?

Answer 6

Altered protein
Loss of organ function
Protein induction
Lack of removal

Question 7

What are the different cap colours and what are their additives?

Answer 7

Blue - Sodium citrate
Yellow - Gel
Pink - EDTA
Green - Lithium Hesparin
White - NaF/EDTA

Question 8

What is the purpose of a blue cap?

Answer 8

To prevent clotting