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Studies in the Biology of Disease > Causes and consequences of abnormal immune function > Flashcards

Causes and consequences of abnormal immune function Flashcards

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1
Q

What is autoimmunity?

A

Autoantibodies made to self antigens, the body destroying itself

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2
Q

What is Hypersensitivity?

A

Reaction or overreaction of immune effectors - to harmless antigens, including self

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3
Q

What is Immunodeficiency?

A

A shortage or absence of part of the immune effector response

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4
Q

How many common types of autoimmunity are there in the UK?

A

19

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5
Q

What are some examples of autoimmunity?

A

Lupus (SLE)
Multiple sclerosis (MS)
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
Diabetes (T1DM)

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6
Q

How does autoimmunity work?

A

The effectors cause damage to self cells, tissues or organs

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7
Q

What causes autoimmunity?

A

Hormones
Genes
Environmental triggers

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8
Q

How does Myasthenia Gravis work?

A

Auto-antibodies bind to the Acetyl-choline receptors, meaning nerve signals cannot be transmitted

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9
Q

How does Grave’s disease work?

A

The Auto-antibody receptor blocks Thyroid stimulating hormone, meaning too many thyroid hormones are released

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10
Q

What is Hyper-sensitivity?

A

Excessive or inappropriate response to non-parasitic antigens, causing pathology

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11
Q

What is type 1 hyper-sensitivity?

A

IgE-Mediated
Within 1 hour
Anaphylaxis

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12
Q

What is type 2 hyper-sensitivity?

A

IgG or IgM cytotoxic
Hours to days
Haemolytic Anaemia

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13
Q

What is type 3 hyper-sensitivity?

A

Immune Complex mediated
1-3 weeks
Serum sickness

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14
Q

What is type 4 hyper-sensitivity?

A

T-cell mediated
Days to weeks
Rash

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15
Q

What is an example of type 1 hyper-sensitivity?

A

Hayfever

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16
Q

What is immunodeficiency?

A

Shortage or absence of a functional component of the immune system
Primary = inherited
Secondary = acquired

17
Q

What is Leukocyte adhesion deficiency

A

Gene abnormality in Beta chain of adhesion molecules
Limits leukocyte recruitment to inflamed areas
Higher susceptibility to infections

18
Q

How is primary immunodeficiency usually inherited?

A

X-linked

19
Q

How can immunodeficiency be detected?

A

Phagocyte function
B cell development
B cell Ab production
T cells

20
Q

How are immunodeficiency disorders treated?

A

Replacement therapy:
Missing protein replaced
Missing cell type replaced
Missing or defective gene replaced

Studies in the Biology of Disease (4 decks)

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