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162 LEC 2 > Clinical Assessment > Flashcards

Clinical Assessment Flashcards

1
Q

______ are physical manifestations that a clinician/observer observe

A

Signs

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2
Q

Two types of deficiency

A

Macronutrient
Micronutrient

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3
Q

_____ are subjective experiences by the patient

A

Symptoms

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4
Q

Symptoms can only be noted by proper ______

A

History taking

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5
Q

Symptoms can be noted by:

A
  • Subjective complaints
  • Medical history
  • Anthropometric changes
  • Physiological abnormalities
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6
Q

NFPE allows screening of __________

A

Micronutrient deficiencies

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7
Q

What are the steps of NFPE?

A
  • General Inspection
  • Head and Neck
  • Chest and back
  • Abdomen
  • Skin and extremities
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8
Q

Basic techniques of NFPE

A
  • Inspection
  • Auscultation
  • Palpation
  • Percussion
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9
Q

Hair problems can be suspected to be connect to _________

A

Protein and biotin deficiency

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10
Q

Dull, Dry or Brittle Hair is associated with ____

A

Deficiencies in protein, essential fatty acids, Vitamin B7 (Biotin), and copper.

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11
Q

It is speculated that the hairs actively cycling during the_____ are the ones that experience hair shaft and hemorrhagic complications.

A

lowest ascorbic acid levels

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12
Q

Easily pluckable hair can suggest deficiencies in ______

A

Protein and zinc

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13
Q

Corkscrew or Coiled Hair

A

Deficiency in Vitamin C

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14
Q

Thin or sparse hair

A

Deficiencies in protein, essential fatty acids, zinc, and Vitamin B7 (Biotin)

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15
Q

Scaly scalp

A

Usually associated with zinc deficiency, but may also be a sign of B6 Deficiency

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16
Q

For temporal area inspection of face, inspect and palpate the _____ from the front

A

Temporalis muscle

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17
Q

Palpate the _____ and ____ during orbital area inspection

A

Eye sockets and fat pads above cheek

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18
Q

Normal Eyes description

A

Bright with smooth cornea and pink and moist membranes

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19
Q

One should noted the following changes during patient interview

A

night vision, dryness, and/or inability to
produce tears

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20
Q

Most common consequence of Vitamin A deficiency

A

Nyctalopia (night blindness)

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21
Q

Xeropthalmia’s most readily recognized as ______

A

excessive dry eyes

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22
Q

Bitot’s Spots description

A

Presence of triangular, whitish, foamy lesions in the sclerae due to abnormal keratinization, and superficial patches on the bulbar conjunctiva

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23
Q

Palpebral conjunctivae should be _____ in color

A

Pink

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24
Q

White or Pale color is an indication of ______

A

deficiencies in Iron (Microcytic anemia), Vitamin B9 (Folate), and Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin)

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25
Q

Inflammation is usually more caused by infection, but it can also suggest _____

A

Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) and Vitamin B3
(Niacin)

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26
Q

Xerosis signs

A

drying of the conjunctiva or cornea

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27
Q

Keratomalacia signs

A

cloudiness and softening of the cornea, and may lead to ulcerations

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28
Q

Description of Normal extraoral cavity

A

Without cracks and sores, and appears
smooth and pink in color

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29
Q

Description of Normal intraoral cavity

A

Appears free of swelling around the gum
and tongue

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30
Q

Vitamins which Aid in cellular synthesis, function, and integrity of your mucosa (oral cavity)

A

B-complex Vitamins and Vitamin C

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31
Q

Most common deficiency of mouth and oral cavity

A

Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)

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32
Q

Xerostomia (Dry Oral Mucosa)

A

Indication of possible dehydration

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33
Q

Angular stomatitis or cheilosis can suggest _____

A

Abnormalities in Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin), Vitamin B3 (Niacin), and Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)

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34
Q

Glossitis Signs

A

Beefy red tongue with atrophied papillae

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35
Q

Glossitis can signify _____-

A

Deficiencies in Protein, B1 (Thiamin), Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin), Vitamin B9 (Folate), Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin), and iron.

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36
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Iron would manifest more as pallor

A

TRUE

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37
Q

Magenta colored tongue

A

Deficiencies in Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin), Vitamin B3 (Niacin), Vitamin B9 (Folate), Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin), and iron

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38
Q

Oral cavity pallor can be due to

A
  • Anemia
  • Deficiencies in Vitamin B9 (Folate), Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin), and iron
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39
Q

Inflamed Oral Cavity Mucosa

A

Possible deficiencies in Vitamin B-complex like B1 (Thiamin) and Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)

40
Q

Bleeding Gums and Poor Dentition (Scurvy)

A

Deficiency in Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid) causes scurvy

41
Q

Dysgeusia or Hypogeusia is caused by ___

A

Deficiency in zinc and toxicity

42
Q

Dysgeusia

A

Difficulty/Lack of sense taste; distorted taste

43
Q

Hypogeusia

A

Decreased in sensitivity of taste; diminished
taste

44
Q

The neck is not necessarily part of the micronutrient deficiencies assessment except for _____

A

the thyroid gland

45
Q

The neck is usually used to assess ____

A

Muscle wasting

46
Q

The neck can provide information on ____

A

Muscle and fluid status

47
Q

Distended Neck Veins

A

● Possible fluid overload and sodium imbalance.
● May indicate or be a sign of a cardiac problem.

48
Q

To check for goiter, examine the patient’s _____ through observation and palpation from the back

A

anterior neck

49
Q

Deficiency associated with goiter

A

Iron

50
Q

Most important examination of the neck area

A

Sternocleidomastoid Muscle (SCM)

51
Q

Left SCM : Patient looks to the ___
Right SCM : Patient looks to the ___

A

Right, left

52
Q

Neck Muscle Wasting may be a sign of _____

A

Protein deficiency

53
Q

_______ of the shoulders can mean severe forms of energy or protein deficiency

A

Angulation

54
Q

In shoulder assessment, assess the protrusion of the _____ of the scapula

A

Acromion process

55
Q

Muscle loss is usually ____

A

Flaccid

55
Q

The thoracic region is also known as the _____

A

Anterior Chest

56
Q

Rachitic Rosary

A
  • Rounded
  • Vitamin D Deficiency
57
Q

Scorbutic Rosary

A
  • Angular step-off deformity
  • Vitamin C Deficiency
58
Q

Which is a more common deficiency in the country, Vitamin D or Vitamin C?

A

Vitamin D, so it is better to suspect the rachitic type

59
Q

In inspection of back, inspect for _______

A

Prominence of Bones

60
Q

For abdomen, look at the fat storage and rule out the presence of _____

A

Ascites

61
Q

Note for any distention, enlargement, or bagginess in fat storage particularly above the _____

A

Umbilicus

62
Q

Ascites Signs

A

Localized fluid accumulation in the abdominal cavity

63
Q

Indication of ascites

A

If it moves like a balloon with water (parang umaalog) it may be ascites

64
Q

Micronutrient Deficiencies associated in skin

A
  • Iron
  • Copper
  • Vitamin A
  • Vitamin C
  • Vitamin K
65
Q

Role of iron in skin

A

○ Involved in the transport and storage of oxygen
○ Involved in the production of RBCs, causing the skin to turn pale due to iron deficiency.

66
Q

Role of copper in skin

A

Involved in iron metabolism and melanin pigment formation

67
Q

Role of Vitamin A in skin

A

Regulates epithelium cell integrity

68
Q

Role of Vitamin C in skin

A

Necessary for collagen synthesis in the major
tissues of the skin

69
Q

Role of Vitamin K in skin

A

Vital in blood clotting

70
Q

Pallor is caused by _____

A

○ Iron deficiency
○ Folate deficiency
○ Vitamin B12 deficiency

71
Q

In extreme cases of skin pallor

A

○ Biotin deficiency
○ Copper deficiency

72
Q

Jaundice may be due to

A

Carotene excess (Carotenemia)

73
Q

Follicular Hyperkeratosis is due to

A

Vitamin A deficiency

74
Q

Pellagra Dermatitis Signs

A
  • Hyperpigmented rash that is typically bilateral, symmetrical and limited to sun-exposed sites
  • Casal’s Necklace
75
Q

Pellagra Dermatitis may be caused by

A

Niacin (B3) deficiency

76
Q

Petechiae may be caused by Vitamin C deficiency. However, the most common cause in the country is ____

A

dengue

77
Q

Easy Bruisability

A
  • Vitamin C or K Deficiency
78
Q

Acanthosis Nigricans is a manifestation of

A

insulin resistance

79
Q

Instrument used to test handgrip strength

A

Handgrip Dynamometer

80
Q

Epiphyses at The Wrists / Joints Signs

A

joint swelling and tenderness

81
Q

Epiphyses at The Wrists / Joints may be due to ____

A

Vitamin C and D deficiencies

82
Q

To check for interosseous muscles, palpate the muscle near the _____

A

metacarpal bone

83
Q

Bowing of the Legs may be caused by

A
  • Vitamin D deficiency (Blount’s disease)
  • Calcium deficiency
84
Q

In quadriceps, inspect for ___

A

musculature

85
Q

Bipedal edema is edema of the ______

A

Lower extremities

86
Q

Bipedal anemia may be caused by

A

low protein in the body/blood caused by
energy and protein deficiency

87
Q

Features inspected in nails

A

Color, shape, texture

88
Q

Pallor, Clubbing, Koilonychia causes

A
  • iron deficiency and protein deficiency
  • can also be caused by heart diseases
89
Q

Schamroth’s Window

A

absence of clubbing

90
Q

Koilonychia

A

spoon-shaped nails

91
Q

Transverse Ridging/Banding causes

A

Zinc deficiency (Beau’s lines)

92
Q

Chronic protein deficiency (Muehrcke’s lines)

A

Very white transverse lines

93
Q

Heavy metal poisoning is also called

A

Mee’s Lines

94
Q

In Hand-to-Toe (Skin) Examination, look for skin turgor to evaluate ____

A

Hydration status

95
Q

What are the considerations in hair evaluation?

A

Ask about hair care practices to differentiate between lifestyle and nutritional issues.

96
Q

Muscle and Fat assessment is done in what position

A

Sitting Position

162 LEC 2 (5 decks)

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