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FN 125 LE2 > Clinical Assessment > Flashcards

Clinical Assessment Flashcards

1
Q

What sign is observed in the eyes that signifies anemia?

A

Pale palpebral conjunctiva

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2
Q

Bilateral “peeling paint” os skin areas not exposed to sunlight

A

Flaky paint dermatitis

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3
Q

Possible conditions associated with edema

A
  • Albumin problems (liver)
  • kidney damage: conentrating and diluting abilities are affected
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4
Q

Very deep taking longer than 20 sec to rebound

A

4+ edema

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5
Q

Signs frequently observed during inspection

A
  • state of nutrition
  • body habitus or sshape
  • body size
  • presence of asymmetry
  • posture and gait
  • speech
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6
Q

Cuticle peel off/Maceration of cuticle

A

flaky nail

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7
Q

Conducted by a medical doctor and uses an instrument to further assess a patient by listening to sounds produced by internal organs

A

auscultation

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8
Q

Slight pitting without distortion, rapidly disappears

A

+1 edema/mild edema

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9
Q

Deeper pit that takes a few seconds to rebound

A

+2 edema/moderate

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10
Q

What signs are observed when assessing gums

A
  • Spongy, bloody gums
  • Pale gum color
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11
Q

What signs are observed when assessing the teeth?

A
  • tooth decay
  • missing teeth
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12
Q

4 Characteristics of Pellagra

A
  • Dermatitis
  • Diarrhea
  • Dementia
  • Death
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13
Q

Visual examination of the patient for signs that are highly observable through the patient’s appearance

A

inspection

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14
Q

Horizontal grooves/Line in nails

A

Beau’s/transverse line

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15
Q

Conditions that cause clubbing of nails

A
  • chronic hypoxia
  • cancer: increased oxygen demand for cancer cells
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16
Q

Possible Nutrient Causes of Mouth lesions

A

Vit B12, Vit A, Vit C deficiency

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17
Q

Comes from the word sebum

A

Nasolabial seborrhea

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18
Q

What is assessed when palpating along the mid axilliary line

A
  • Prominence of the ribs and iliac crest
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19
Q

Related health concerns in the mouth and their causes

A
  • teeth problems: fluorine
  • gums: collagen
  • Pale insides of mouth: anemia
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20
Q

Possible nutrient cause of pallor

A

Iron deficiency (cause IDA)

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21
Q

Pale skin color

A

Pallor

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22
Q

What conditions of the skin are observed or checked for during physical examination?

A
  • Petechiae
  • Dermatitis
  • Pellagrous Dermatitis
  • Flaky Paint Dermatitis
  • Xerosis
  • Pallor
  • Non-healing wounds
  • Nasolabial seborrhea
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23
Q

What muscle is assessed in the hands?

A

Interosseus Muscle

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24
Q

Possible nutrient cause of xerosis

A

Vitamin A deficiency

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25
Q

What signs are checked or looked for when assessing the back?

A

Prominence of scapula, spine, and ribs

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26
Q

How does diabetes cause non-healing wounds

A
  • High blood glucose can damage nerve fibers, decreasing sensation which prevents immediate wound treatment
  • Bacteria can use the excess blood glucose causing infection
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27
Q

Possible Nutrient Causes of Koilonychia

A

Iron, b12, Vit C deficiency

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28
Q

What is observed or check for when assessing the parotid gland

A
  • enlargement
  • tenderness/pain
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29
Q

what causes purple nail bed

A

Decreased oxygen delivery

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30
Q

Possible Nutrient Causes of Petechiae

A

Vitamin C deficiency, Vitamin K deficiency

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31
Q

Possible Nutrient Causes of Enlargement/Pain of the thyroid gland

A

Iodine deficiency

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32
Q

Somewhat deeper pit, distortion not easily apparent, disappears 10-25 sec later

A

+2 edema/moderate

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33
Q

Hyperpigmentation of sunlight/trauma exposed areas

A

Pellagrous dermatitis

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34
Q

4-6 mm (depth of pit)

A

+3 edema/severe

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35
Q

What other non-nutrient causes of alopecia

A

Too much heat can dry hair and damage hair follicles

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36
Q

Conditions observed or checked on hair during physical examination

A
  • Alopecia
  • Lightened hair color
  • Corkscrew Hair
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37
Q

How to check for tricep skinfold

A
  • Ask patient to bend arm at 90 degree angle with upper arm perpendicular to the body
  • If patient is unable to cooperate, bend the elbow at 90 degress and place forearm horizontally across the body
  • Grasp the upper arm MIDWAY between shoulder and elbow
  • Pull skin away from arm while wiggling slightly to separate fat from muscle
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38
Q

What sign should be observed when checking the chest muscles

A
  • fullness
  • firmness
  • prominence of the clavicle
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39
Q

4 basic physical examinatiton techniques

A
  • inspection
  • palpation
  • percussion
  • auscultation
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40
Q

What causes spongy bloody gums

A

vitamin c deficiency due to lack of collagen

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41
Q

How to check for clubing of nails

A

When thumbs no longer have a space iin between when placed together

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42
Q

What do you call the corners of the eyes

A

Lateral Canthus

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43
Q

Barely ddetectable depression, immediate rebound

A

+1 edema/mild

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44
Q

6-8 mm (depth of pit)

A

4+ edema

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45
Q

How to check for pale palpebral conjunctiva?

A

Pull down lower eyelid–> if all white, it means a sign of anemia

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46
Q

What is checked when assessing the calves

A

gastrocnemius should be large

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47
Q

What muscle is palpated when assessing the chest

A

Pectoralis major

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48
Q

2-4 mm (depth of pit)

A

+2 edema/moderate

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49
Q

What muscles are palpated when assessing the back (2)

A
  • Trapezius
  • Latissius dorsi
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50
Q

T or F: Fat deposit in the tricep is normal

A

True

51
Q

2 mm or less (depth of pit)

A

+1 edema/mild

52
Q

Possible nutrient cause of corkscrew hair

A

Vitamin C deficiency

53
Q

Very deep pittinh, extremity is grossly misshapen, indentation lasts 2-5 min

A

4+ edema

54
Q

Possible Nutrient Causes of Glossitis

A

Iron deficiency, Vitamin B2 deficiency, Vitamin B12 deficiency

55
Q

Possible Nutrient Causes of Dermatitis

A

Vitamin B2 deficiency

56
Q

What are being observed for on temples during physical examination

A
  • depression
  • hollowing
57
Q

Possible Nutrient Causes of cheilosis

A

B2, zinc, B6 deficiencies

58
Q

How is phenylalanine related to tyrosine deficiency?

A

Phenylalanine is converted to tyrosine

59
Q

small hemorrhagic spots

A

Petechiae

60
Q

Nutrient cause of Pellagrous Dermatitis (Pellagra)

A

Niacin Deficiency

61
Q

What tools are used to assess the mouth of a patient during physical examination

A
  • Pen light
  • Tongue Depressor
62
Q

How long should you apply moderate pressure when assessing swelling of foot/lower extremities

A

5 seconds

63
Q

What signs are checked or looked for when observing both eyes?

A
  • Cracked or reddened corners
  • Dull, Dry or rough sclera
64
Q

What areas/organ are typically assessed through auscultation

A
  • heart, chest, and abdomen
65
Q

What causes pale gum color

A

Iron deficiency (anemia)

66
Q

What medical condition is associated with corkscrew hair

A

Scurvy

67
Q

What is observed or hecked for when assessing the thighs

A
  • roundness/fullness of muscles
  • prominence of patella
68
Q

Two main factors observed when assessing edema in foot/lower extremities

A
  • depth of depression
  • refill time (in seconds)
69
Q

Scaling around nostrils

A

Nasolabial serborrhea

70
Q

What conditions are observed for when assessing the nails (7)

A
  • Koilonychia
  • Beau’s/Transverse line
  • Poor Blanching fo Nails
  • Splinter hemorrhages
  • Poor nail plate health
  • Flaky nails
  • Clubbing
71
Q

Possible Nutrient Causes of Bitot’s Spot

A

Vitamin A deficiency

72
Q

Pale nail bed

A

Poor blanching of nails

73
Q

What signs are checked or looked for when assessing the shoulders

A
  • fullness
  • firmness
  • squaring of shoulders
74
Q

What does “bilateral” mean in flaky paint dermatitis

A

dermatitis is observed in left and right areas of the body (ex. if on left shoulder, it is also on the right shoulder)

75
Q

Noticeably deep pitting, entire extremity looks full, swollen; indentation can last longer than 1 min

A

+3 edema/severe

76
Q

What signs are observed or checked for on tongue

A
  • Magenta/beefy red color
  • Smooth, slick appearance
77
Q

Unequal coloration of the nail bed

A

Poor nail plate health

78
Q

What muscle is palpated when assessing the shoulders

A

Deltoid muscles

79
Q

What are observe or checked for when assessing eyes?

A
  • Darkness
  • Hollowness
  • Loose skin
80
Q

Gray spongy spot/foamy areas on the white of the eye

A

Bitot’s spot

81
Q

Why does Vitamin A deficiency cause xerosis

A

Vitamin A is a regulator of the epithelium of the skin

82
Q

Biggest salivary gland

A

Parotid gland

83
Q

Where is parotid gland located

A

Below the ear

84
Q

Oily skin around the nasal area

A

Nasolabial serborrhea

85
Q

What muscle is assessed when checking the temples

A

Temporalis muscles

86
Q

What signs are observed when assessing the lips

A
  • cheilosis
  • angular stomatitis
87
Q

PPossible Nutrient Causes of Keratomalacia

A

Severe Vit A deficiency

88
Q

What causes decreased melanin production?

A

Tyrosine/Phenylalanine deficiency

89
Q

What color should be the sclera of the eyes?

A

White

90
Q

Possible Nutrient Causes of Flaky Paint Dermatitis

A

PEM, Free fatty acid deficiency, Zinc deficiency

91
Q

Possible nutrient causes of poor blanching of nails

A

Iron deficiency

92
Q

A condition indicative of uncontrolled Diabetes Mellitus

A

Non-Healing Wounds

93
Q

Hazy, dull, milky, opaque cornea (destruction of cornea)

A

Keratomalacia

94
Q

Possible Nutrient Causes of Angular Stomatitis

A

Vit B2, Iron, B12 deficiency

95
Q

Pit even more pronounced, taking about 10-12 sec to rebound

A

+3 edema/severe

96
Q

Use of sense of touch to feel for any abnormalities on an organ or body part

A

Palpation

97
Q

Tongue inflammation, magenta in color

A

Glossitis

98
Q

Nail plate eceeding 180 degrees

A

Clubbing

99
Q

Possible Nutrient Causes of Alopecia

A

Vit B2 deficiency, Folate deficiency, Vit B12 deficiency

100
Q

What is caused by injury to the nail

A

splinter hemorrhage

101
Q

How to check for clubbing of nails

A

When thumbs no longer have a space iin between when placed together

102
Q

What should be observed or checked for on the mucosa?

A
  • Pallor
  • Dryness
  • Decreased Salivary flow
  • Ulceration (Mucositis)
103
Q

Hair thining or hair loss

A

Alopecia

104
Q

Why does Vitamin A deficiency cause Bitot’s spot

A

Vit A is responsible for the epithelialization of the eye

105
Q

What condition is characterizd be enlarged thyroid

A

goiter

106
Q

Dry scaly, flaky skin

A

xerosis

107
Q

technique done by hitting or tapping an area to produce a sound

A

percussion

108
Q

What is observe or checked for when assessing the thyroid gland

A
  • enlargement
  • tenderness/pain
109
Q

Swollen, reddened skin with or without blistering

A

Dermatitis

110
Q

areas in the lower extremities where the skin overlies a bone

A
  • shin
  • malleolus
  • dorsum of the foot
111
Q

Sign of depigmentation (melanin)

A

Lightened hair color

112
Q

Spoon-shaped nails/Concaved nail

A

Koilonychia

113
Q

Possible nutrient cause of nasolabial seborrhea

A

Vitamin B6 deficiency, zinc deficiency

114
Q

What causes alopecia in males and why?

A

Caused by high testosterone as they age due to the increased celluular division of hair follicles, which reduces the life span of hair follicles causing hair thinning or hair loss

115
Q

How to check/assess the hands?

A

Ask patient to make the “OK” sign with thumb and forefinger

116
Q

What area around the eyes do you palpate for assessment?

A

Orbital Pads

117
Q

What signs is checked or looked for whn assessing the lower legs/feet

A
  • asymmetry
  • swelling
118
Q

No impression or distortion observed, bone structure easily identified

A

No edema

119
Q

What signs are checked or looked for when assessing the back?

A

Prominence of scapula, spine, and ribs

120
Q

Medical condition for decreased melanin production

A

Albinism

121
Q

Bilateral cracks and redness of the lips

A

Angular stomatitis

122
Q

What signs are observed in mucositis or mouth/tongue ulcers

A

Mouth lesions

123
Q

What signs are typically assessed during palpation

A
  • muscle and fat mass
  • tenderness
  • presence of edema
  • abnormal masses
124
Q

Degree or severity of muscle atrophy on temples due to age

A

Only mild

FN 125 LE2 (8 decks)

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