Clinical anatomy

Question 1

frontal lobe functions

Answer 1

movement of face, arm and trunk = lateral surface, leg on medial surface (homunculus)

Question 2

symptoms and signs of frontal lobe disease

Answer 2

contralateral monoplegia or hemiplegia
alterations in higher functions (mood changes)
expressive dysphasia if Broca’s area affected
primitive relfexes
apraxia of gait
loss of cortical inhibition -> incontinence of urine and faeces

Question 3

parietal lobe function

Answer 3

main sensory cortex location (post-central gyrus)

Question 4

symptoms and signs of parietal lobe disease

Answer 4

contralateral disturbance of cortical sensation

Question 5

temporal lobe pathology affects

Answer 5

memory loss (hippocampus and limbic system)
dysphasia
epilepsy + memory distrubance, hallucinations
upper homonymous quadrantopia if optic radiation damaged

Question 6

occipital lobe pathology effects

Answer 6

homonymous hemianopia

cortical blindness if extensive and bilateral lesion of striate cortex

Question 7

functions of hypothalamus

Answer 7

controls release of hormones from anterior pituitary
body temp
fluid balance
circadian rhythm 
reproductive function

Question 8

basal ganglia function

Answer 8

control and modulation of movements and maintainence of posture

Question 9

cerebellum function

Answer 9

controls and coordinates movements to maintain stance, posture and gait

Question 10

signs and symptoms of cerebellar issues

Answer 10

DANISH:
dysdiadochokinesia
ataxia
nystagmus
intention tremor
slurred, staccato speech
hypotonia

Question 11

what is dysdiadochokinesia

Answer 11

inability to perform rapid alternating muscle movements (eg: hand flipping test)

Question 12

what is ataxia

Answer 12

abnormal uncoordinated movements

Question 13

intention tremor?

Answer 13

tremor on intentional movement towards an object

Question 14

resting tremor

Answer 14

tremor occurs when muscle is relaxed (eg: hands on lap)