Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PS2001 > Clinical > Flashcards

Clinical Flashcards

1
Q

What is psychopathology?

A

The study of the nature, development and treatment of psychological disorders.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Describe the DSM-5’s cultural concept of distress.

A

The way cultural groups experience, understand and communicate suffering, behavioural problems or troubling thoughts and emotions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Define maladaptive behaviour.

A

Behaviours that renders prepped incapable of adapting to normal daily living.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Describe Wakefield’s dysfunction.

A

Impairment in evolutionary former mental functions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Give 4 characteristics of mental disorders.

A

Personal distress, disability, violation of social norms and dysfunction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is included in the DSM-5.

A

Essential features of the disorder, associated features, diagnostic criteria and info on differential diagnosis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Give the DSM-5 definition of psychopathology.

A

Clinically significant behavioural/psychological pattern, associated with present distress or disability and increased risk of suffering death, pain, disability or loss of freedom.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Give 3 major contributions of psychoanalysis.

A

Discovery of the unconscious, the effect of childhood on schemes of interaction and that repression of emotions causes suffering.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Give 3 problems with using punishment to condition.

A

Behaviour is just suppressed, it can cause aggression and it tells you what not to do, rather than guiding behaviour.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the main assumption of Rational Emotive Therapy.

A

Serious problems result from irrational beliefs, dysfunctional thinking and information processing biases.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How do humanistic and existential approaches attempt to resolve psychopathology?

A

Through insight, personal development and self-actualisation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

According to Carl Rogers, what is a fully functioning person?

A

Someone who lives in harmony with their deepest feelings and impulses.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does Carl Rogers mean by incongruence?

A

Feelings of depression when we do not live the life we are capable of/destined to live.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does rational emotive therapy encourage people to accept?

A

The self, others and life.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Give 2 problems about clinical interviews.

A

Clients may not report full information due to poor self-awareness and clinicians have biases with conclusions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What do specific inventories measure?

A

Functioning in one specific area of psychopathology.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is one advantage and one disadvantage of the o Advtange pen-endedness of projective tests?

A

Advantage: More valid, disadvantage: Less reliable.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Why are intelligent tests used by clinicians?

A

To diagnose intellectual and learning disabilities, to assess needs and as part of many tests to measure neurological impairment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Give 3 problems with IQ tests.

A

Intelligence is hypothetical (and narrow?), many are culturally biased, and they do not measure capacity to learn.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What do ABC charts of behaviour measure?

A

Antecedents, behaviour itself and consequences.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is self observation/monitoring with a diary often called?

A

Ecological momentary assessment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are 2 disadvantages of correlations cross section design?

A

It does not imply causality and does not show directionality.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is epidemiology?

A

Study of the distribution of disorders in a population and possible correlates.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are analogue experiments?

A

Examining related or similar behaviours to what you want to study.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What 3 features of a disorder are studied in epidemiology?

A

Prevalence, incidence and risk factors.

26
Q

Give 4 advantages of qualitative methods.

A

Allows expression of things that cannot be expressed numerically, in-depth, allows discovery of things research wasn’t looking for and provides useful info at outset of research.

27
Q

What 2 issues are problematic for getting informed consent?

A

When individual’s understanding of consent is limited and when a study involves deception.

28
Q

Give the difference between bipolar disorder I and II.

A

Bipolar I is more common and is associated with periods of severe mania, whereas bipolar II only stretches to hypomania.

29
Q

Give 4 types of delusions present in schizoaffective disorders.

A

Of grandeur, persecution, control and reference.

30
Q

Which neurotransmitters are at low levels in depression?

A

Serotonin and norepinephrine/noradrenaline.

31
Q

What could permanent release of cortisol during depression cause?

A

Atrophic changes of the brain.

32
Q

Which factors can people wrongly attribute negative events to?

A

Internal, stable and global.

33
Q

What is the main drug treatment for bipolar disorder?

A

Lithium carbonate.

34
Q

What is that main assumption of social skills training?

A

That depression results from inability to communicate and socialise appropriately.

35
Q

What is ‘flight of ideas’ in schizophrenia?

A

Deficits in organising thoughts coherently it connecting them logically.

36
Q

What is schizophasia?

A

Disorganised speech due to deficits in organising thoughts and executive functioning.

37
Q

What is stereotypy?

A

Repetitively showing the same motor behaviour.

38
Q

What is catatonia?

A

When an individual becomes withdrawn from the external world and inactive for long periods.

39
Q

What is affective flattening?

A

Having a limited range and intensity of emotional expression.

40
Q

What is anhedonia?

A

An inability to react io enjoyable or pleasurable events.

41
Q

What is avolition?

A

Inability or unwillingness to cart out or complete normal day-to-day goal-oriented activities.

42
Q

What is asociality?

A

Withdrawal into an inner world and reduced emotional involvement with others.

43
Q

Give 4 traits of the schizophrenogenic mother.

A

Cold, rejecting, dominant and distant.

44
Q

Describe social breakdown syndrome.

A

Confrontational and challenging behaviour, aggressiveness and lack of interest in personal welfare and hygiene.

45
Q

Give 3 problems with conditioning accounts of phobias.

A

Many people cannot recall a traumatic event, not all traumatic conditioning experiences cause a phobia and phobias only develop in relation to certain stimuli and events.

46
Q

Give 2 successful exposure therapies for phobias.

A

Systematic desensitisation and flooding.

47
Q

What is an end of therapy and relapse prophylaxis?

A

A written report and suggestions of behavioural strategies for the future.

48
Q

What is lanugo?

A

Soft, downy hair that develops on the body in anorexia.

49
Q

When is the typical onset of bulimia nervosa?

A

Late adolescence or early adulthood.

50
Q

Why is the lateral hypothalamus believed to have a role in anorexia nervosa?

A

Lesioning it leads to self-starvation.

51
Q

Why might endogenous opioids act as a positive reinforcer in anorexia nervosa?

A

They counter pain during starvation and create a feeling of euphoria.

52
Q

What is alexithymia?

A

Inability to recognise your own feelings.

53
Q

What are 4 types of treatment for eating disorders?

A

Pharmacological treatments, family therapy prevention programmes and CBT.

54
Q

Antidepressants are (more/less) successful at treating bulimia than anorexia.

A

More.

55
Q

What is subdural hematoma and one way it is treated?

A

It is intercranial bleeding, treated with trepanation of the skull.

56
Q

Which type of tumours are associated with excess growth hormone?

A

Pituitary tumours.

57
Q

What is acromegaly?

A

Excessive growth of e.g. hands.

58
Q

What is akinesis?

A

Slowness of movement.

59
Q

What is dysarthria a symptom of and what is it?

A

Huntington’s disease: difficult/unclear articulating if otherwise normal speech.

60
Q

What is alexia without agraphia?

A

The ability to write on command but not be able to read it.

61
Q

What is associative agnosia?

A

Inability to recognise objects despite being able to perceive them.

62
Q

What do psychoanalysts believe is the reason for maladaptive behaviours?

A

The unconscious trying to conceal painful thoughts.

PS2001 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions